Optimizing energy for a ‘green’ vaccine supply chain

Highlights • High energy efficiency in storing and delivering vaccines reduced the recurrent costs of distribution.• Adopting a system of planned vaccine deliveries by dedicated electric vehicle was more reliable and timely.• Solar modules on the roofs of stores linked to the electrical grid, generate enough ‘green’ energy for storage and transport.• ‘Green’ distribution systems for vaccines and medicines meet an increasing need for cooling in public health programmes.