Selection-Migration Structures and Conditions for a Protected Polymorphism

The idea that levels and forms of genetic variability can be related to temporal and spatial patterns of environmental heterogeneity is a widely promulgated theme in evolutionary biology. Recent reviews pertaining to genetic polymorphisms under conditions of variable selection and migration are given by Hedrick et at (1976) and Felsenstein (1976) , which include numerous references to experimental. field, and theoretical studies. Three classes of migration patterns have been predominantly studied in theoretical population genetics: a. The island model (Wright, 1943) consists of an array of islands exchanging genes uniformly. Equivalently, the island model involves N "equidistant" islands thai share a common migrant pool drawn equally from all demes. The Levene population subdivision structure (1953) is a direct gen· eralization of Wright's model that allows for variable deme (island) sizes. Deakin (1966) introduced a homing or sessile tendency so that some individuals would remain in their deme of birth rather than enter the

[1]  Shuhei Mano,et al.  STOCHASTIC MODELS IN POPULATION GENETICS , 2008 .

[2]  R. B. Campbell,et al.  Selection-migration regimes characterized by a globally stable equilibrium. , 1980, Genetics.

[3]  R. B. Campbell,et al.  Polymorphism in subdivided populations characterised by a major and subordinate demes3 , 1980, Heredity.

[4]  T. Nagylaki,et al.  Numerical analysis of random drift in a cline. , 1980, Genetics.

[5]  A. Templeton,et al.  Evolutionary Consequences of Seed Pools , 1979, The American Naturalist.

[6]  A. Brown.  Enzyme polymorphism in plant populations , 1979 .

[7]  T. Nagylaki,et al.  The island model with stochastic migration. , 1979, Genetics.

[8]  R. B. Campbell,et al.  Analysis of central equilibrium configurations for certain multi-locus systems in subdivided populations , 1978 .

[9]  M. Slatkin,et al.  The spatial distribution of transient alleles in a subdivided population: a simulation study. , 1978, Genetics.

[10]  J H Gillespie,et al.  A general model to account for enzyme variation in natural populations. V. The SAS--CFF model. , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[11]  A. Templeton,et al.  Evolution in fine-grained environments. I. Environmental runs and the evolution of homeostasis. , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[12]  J. Antonovics,et al.  Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations , 1978, Heredity.

[13]  E Nevo,et al.  Genetic variation in natural populations: patterns and theory. , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[14]  S. Karlin.  Protection of Recessive and Dominant Traits in a Subdivided Population with General Migration Structure , 1977, The American Naturalist.

[15]  A. Templeton.  Survival Probabilities of Mutant Alleles in Fine-Grained Environments , 1977, The American Naturalist.

[16]  S. Karlin.  Gene frequency patterns in the Levene subdivided population model. , 1977, Theoretical population biology.

[17]  S. Karlin,et al.  Variable spatial selection with two stages of migrations and comparisons between different timings. , 1977, Theoretical population biology.

[18]  J. Sved,et al.  Migration and mutation in stochastic models of gene frequency change , 1977, Journal of mathematical biology.

[19]  R. Gourley.  Stable population analysis in periodic environments. , 1977, Theoretical population biology.

[20]  Wen-Hsiung Li.  Effect of Migration on Genetic Distance , 1976, The American Naturalist.

[21]  J. Gillespie.  A General Model to Account for Enzyme Variation in Natural Populations. II. Characterization of the Fitness Functions , 1976, The American Naturalist.

[22]  T. Nagylaki.  Dispersion-selection balance in localised plant populations1 , 1976, Heredity.

[23]  L. Cavalli-Sforza,et al.  Some models of population structure and evolution. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[24]  C. Langley,et al.  Multilocus behavior in random environments. I. Random Levene models. , 1976, Genetics.

[25]  G Malécot,et al.  Heterozygosity and relationship in regularly subdivided populations. , 1975, Theoretical population biology.

[26]  B. Wallace.  HARD AND SOFT SELECTION REVISITED , 1975, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[27]  S. Karlin,et al.  Some inequalities for the spectral radius of non-negative matrices and applications , 1975 .

[28]  L. G. Barr,et al.  DEEP‐SEA ASTEROIDS: HIGH GENETIC VARIABILITY IN A STABLE ENVIRONMENT , 1975, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[29]  J. Gillespie.  The Role of Migration in the Genetic Structure of Populations in Temporarily and Spatially Varying Environments. I. Conditions for Polymorphism , 1975, The American Naturalist.

[30]  C. Strobeck,et al.  Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Multiple-Niche Polymorphism in Haploids , 1975, The American Naturalist.

[31]  J. S. Jones,et al.  Genetic background and the fitness of allozymes. , 1974, Genetics.

[32]  A. Brown,et al.  The maintenance of alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Bromus mollis L. , 1974, Australian journal of biological sciences.

[33]  Francisco J. Ayala,et al.  Genetic response to environmental heterogeneity , 1974, Nature.

[34]  Alan R. TEMPLETONt,et al.  EVOLUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS , 1974 .

[35]  F. B. Christiansen.  Sufficient Conditions for Protected Polymorphism in a Subdivided Population , 1974, The American Naturalist.

[36]  E. H. Bryant.  On the Adaptive Significance of Enzyme Polymorphisms in Relation to Environmental Variability , 1974, The American Naturalist.

[37]  M. Slatkin.  Gene flow and selection in a cline. , 1973, Genetics.

[38]  J. McGregor,et al.  Polymorphisms for genetic and ecological systems with weak coupling. , 1972, Theoretical population biology.

[39]  J. Antonovics.  The effects of a heterogeneous environment on the genetics of natural populations. , 1971, American Scientist.

[40]  J. M. Smith.  Genetic Polymorphism in a Varied Environment , 1970, The American Naturalist.

[41]  P. Bretsky,et al.  An Essay on Genetic-Adaptive Strategies and Mass Extinctions , 1970 .

[42]  T. Prout.  Sufficient Conditions for Multiple Niche Polymorphism , 1968, The American Naturalist.

[43]  L L Cavalli-Sforza,et al.  A migration matrix model for the study of random genetic drift. , 1968, Genetics.

[44]  S. Karlin.  Equilibrium behavior of population genetic models with non-random mating. Part II: Pedigrees, Homozygosity and Stochastic Models , 1968, Journal of Applied Probability.

[45]  S. Jain,et al.  Evolutionary divergence among adjacent plant populations I. The evidence and its theoretical analysis , 1966, Heredity.

[46]  M. Kimura,et al.  The Stepping Stone Model of Population Structure and the Decrease of Genetic Correlation with Distance. , 1964, Genetics.

[47]  C. Goodhart.  “Area effects” and non-adaptive variation between populations of Cepæa (Mollusca) , 1963, Heredity.

[48]  J. Haldane,et al.  Polymorphism due to selection of varying direction , 1963, Journal of Genetics.

[49]  T. Dobzhansky.  GENETICS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS. XXV. GENETIC CHANGES IN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA ***PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS IN SOME LOCALITIES IN CALIFORNIA , 1956 .

[50]  H. Levene,et al.  Genetic Equilibrium When More Than One Ecological Niche is Available , 1953, The American Naturalist.

[51]  S. Wright,et al.  Isolation by Distance. , 1943, Genetics.

[52]  T. Dobzhansky.  Genetics of Natural Populations IX. Temporal Changes in the Composition of Populations of Drosophila Pseudoobscura. , 1943, Genetics.

[53]  T. Nagylaki.  The Relation Between Distant Individuals in Geographically Structured Populations. , 1976 .

[54]  J. Sved.  The Relationship between Genotype and Fitness for Heterotic Models , 1976 .

[55]  J. Felsenstein.  The theoretical population genetics of variable selection and migration. , 1976, Annual review of genetics.

[56]  S. Karlin,et al.  Some Theoretical Analyses of Migration Selection Interaction in a Cline: A Generalized Two Range Environment , 1976 .

[57]  S. Karlin.  Population Subdivision and Selection Migration Interaction , 1976 .

[58]  R. K. Koehn,et al.  Genetic organization and adaptive response of allozymes to ecological variables in Fundulus heteroclitus. , 1975, Genetics.

[59]  T. Nagylaki.  The decay of genetic variability in geographically structured populations. , 1974, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[60]  A. Bradshaw.  Plant Evolution in Extreme Environments , 1971 .

[61]  T. Maruyama.  Stepping stone models of finite length , 1970, Advances in Applied Probability.

[62]  W. D. Hanson.  Effects of partial isolation (distance), migration, and different fitness requirements among environmental pockets upon steady state gene frequencies. , 1966, Biometrics.