1 1 H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis of the effect of moderate wine consumption on subjects with cardiovascular risk factors

Moderate wine consumption is associated with health-promoting activities. An H-NMR-based metabolomic approach was used to identify urinary metabolomic differences of moderate wine intake in the setting of a prospective, randomized, crossover and controlled trial. Sixty-one male volunteers with high cardiovascular risk factors followed three dietary interventions (28 days): dealcoholized red wine (RWD) (272ml/day, polyphenol-control), alcoholized red wine (RWA) (272ml/day) and gin (GIN) (100ml/day, alcohol-control). After each period, 24h-urine samples were collected and analyzed by 1 H-NMR. According to the results of an one-way-ANOVA, significant markers were grouped in four categories: alcohol-related markers (ethanol); gin-related markers; wine-related markers; and gut microbiota markers (hippurate and 4hydroxphenylacetic acid). Wine metabolites were classified into two groups; first, metabolites of food metabolome: tartrate (RWA and RWD), ethanol and mannitol (RWA); and second, biomarkers which relates to endogenous modifications after wine consumption, comprising branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolite (3-methyl-oxovalerate). Additionally, a possible interaction between alcohol and gut-related biomarkers has been identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this approach has been applied in a nutritional intervention with red wine. The results show the capacity of this approach to obtain a comprehensive metabolome picture including food metabolome and endogenous biomarkers of moderate wine intake. Abbreviations: BCAA, brached-chain amino acids; BAS, Basal; RWD, dealcoholized red wine; RWA, red wine alcoholized; δ, chemical shift; s, singlet; d,doublet; t, triplet; q, quadruplet; m, multiplet;