A Survey on FM-UWB Transceivers

his paper surveys the research on frequency modulated ultra- wideband (FM-UWB) transceivers. FM-UWB system uses low modulation index digital FSK followed by high modulation index analog FM to generate a constant envelope UWB signal with a flat power spectral density and steep spectral roll-off. FM-UWB can be seen as an analog implementation of a spread spectrum system with spreading gain equal to the modulation index. FM-UWB system is suitable for low data rate and short-range applications. The advantages of FM-UWB system such as low power consumption, very low radiated power (−41.3 dBm/MHz), good coexistence with other existing wireless technologies, and robustness to interference and multipath making it suitable for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) in medical applications.

[1]  John R. Long,et al.  A Short Range, Low Data Rate, 7.2 GHz-7.7 GHz FM-UWB Receiver Front-End , 2009, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[2]  K. Itoh,et al.  A Triple-Tuned Ultra-Wideband VCO , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[3]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[4]  Marco Detratti,et al.  A 4.6mW 6.25–8.25 GHz RF transmitter IC for FM-UWB applications , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband.

[5]  J.R. Long,et al.  A Wideband FM Demodulator for a Low-Complexity FM-UWB Receiver , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Wireless Technology.

[6]  John R. Long,et al.  Low-Complexity Ultra-Wide-Band Communications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[7]  John R. Long,et al.  Principles and Limitations of Ultra-Wideband FM Communications Systems , 2005, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[8]  Svetozar S. Broussev,et al.  A Wideband Low Phase-Noise LC-VCO With Programmable $K_{\rm VCO}$ , 2007, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[9]  M. Detratti,et al.  A 7.2 – 7.7 GHz FM-UWB transceiver prototype , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband.

[10]  J. Long,et al.  A Short-Range Low Data-Rate Regenerative FM-UWB Receiver , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[11]  Marc Battista,et al.  High-Voltage-Gain CMOS LNA For 6–8.5-GHz UWB Receivers , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[12]  M. Demirkan,et al.  Design of Wide Tuning-Range CMOS VCOs Using Switched Coupled-Inductors , 2008, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[13]  Andrew R Nix,et al.  IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , 2003 .

[14]  Huey-Ru Chuang,et al.  0.18 μm 3-6 GHz CMOS broadband LNA for UWB radio , 2005 .

[15]  Chang-Hsi Wu,et al.  A CMOS LC VCO with novel negative impedance design for wide-band operation , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[16]  Marina Ruggieri,et al.  End to End Vital Sign Monitoring System with FM-UWB Technology , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Devices and Communications (ICDeCom).

[17]  Ahmed El Oualkadi,et al.  5-GHz low phase noise CMOS LC-VCO with PGS inductor suitable for ultra-low power applications , 2009, 2009 Mediterrannean Microwave Symposium (MMS).

[18]  C. Charles,et al.  A 3.1-5GHz high and flat gain UWB LNA , 2009, 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications.

[19]  Nitz Saputra,et al.  A 900μW, 3–5GHz integrated FM-UWB transmitter in 90nm CMOS , 2010, 2010 Proceedings of ESSCIRC.

[20]  Chul Soon Park,et al.  Compact wideband LC VCO with active inductor harmonic filtering technique , 2011 .

[21]  R. Prasad,et al.  FM-UWB for radar and communications in medical applications , 2008, 2008 First International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies.

[22]  Woogeun Rhee,et al.  Reconfigurable FM-UWB transmitter , 2011 .

[23]  T. Larsen,et al.  A 0.18 mum CMOS Implementation of a Low Power, Fully Differential RF Front-End for FM-UWB Based P-PAN Receivers , 2006, 2006 10th IEEE Singapore International Conference on Communication Systems.

[24]  John R. Long,et al.  Low-Complexity Ultra Wideband Communications , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[25]  Zhiqun Li,et al.  A low power consumption, low phase noise, and wide tuning range LC VCO with ACC , 2011, 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Technology.

[26]  Jiren Yuan,et al.  A Low Complexity DDS IC for FM-UWB Applications , 2007, 2007 16th IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit.

[27]  A. Nabavi,et al.  7GHz voltage control ring oscillator for UWB applications , 2008, 2008 International Conference on Microelectronics.

[28]  Yeong-Her Wang,et al.  A 5 GHz Differential Colpitts CMOS VCO Using the Bottom PMOS Cross-Coupled Current Source , 2009, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[29]  Woogeun Rhee,et al.  A low data rate FM-UWB transmitter with-based sub-carrier modulation and quasi-continuous frequency-locked loop , 2010, 2010 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[30]  Zhihua Wang,et al.  A 1Mb/s 3.2–4.4GHz reconfigurable FM-UWB transmitter in 0.18µm CMOS , 2011, 2011 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[31]  T. Larsen,et al.  A 0.18 mum CMOS Low Power Ring VCO with 1 GHZ Tuning Range for 3-5 GHZ FM-UWB Applications , 2006, 2006 10th IEEE Singapore International Conference on Communication Systems.

[32]  Ryuji Kohno,et al.  UWB systems for body area networks in IEEE 802.15.6 , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB).

[33]  Y. Deval,et al.  A low voltage current reuse LNA in a 130nm CMOS technology for UWB applications , 2007, 2007 European Microwave Conference.

[34]  Woogeun Rhee,et al.  An Ultra Compact Differentially Tuned 6 GHz CMOS LC VCO with Dynamic Common-Mode Feedback , 2006, IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 2006.

[35]  Yi Zhao,et al.  A 9mW high band FM-UWB receiver front-end , 2008, ESSCIRC 2008 - 34th European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[36]  Moe Z. Win,et al.  Impulse radio: how it works , 1998, IEEE Communications Letters.

[37]  John R. Long,et al.  A Fully-Integrated, Short-Range, Low Data Rate FM-UWB Transmitter in 90 nm CMOS , 2011, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[38]  A.A. Abidi,et al.  Phase Noise and Jitter in CMOS Ring Oscillators , 2006, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[39]  Zhihua Wang,et al.  A Gated FM-UWB System With Data-Driven Front-End Power Control , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[40]  Enrico Mach,et al.  FOR LOW POWER , 1997 .

[41]  Bharat Gupta,et al.  FM-UWB for Communications and Radar in Medical Applications , 2009, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[42]  Tian Tong,et al.  0.18 μm CMOS RF front-end chipset for FM-UWB based P-PAN receivers , 2007, Norchip 2007.

[43]  Dong Hun Shin,et al.  A low-power, 3-5-GHz CMOS UWB LNA using transformer matching technique , 2007, 2007 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[44]  Ryuji Kohno,et al.  UWB systems for body area networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications.

[46]  J.R. Long,et al.  3.6mW, 30dB gain preamplifiers for an FM-UWB receiver , 2008, 2008 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting.

[47]  W. D. Hershberger,et al.  Principles of communication systems , 1955 .

[48]  T. Tong,et al.  A 0.25um CMOS Low Power RF Multiplier for Ultra-wide Band System Applications , 2005 .

[49]  John R. Long,et al.  A 2.2 mW regenerative FM-UWB receiver in 65 nm CMOS , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[50]  A. Mirvakili,et al.  A Linear wideband CMOS LNA for 3–5 GHZ UWB systems , 2008, 2008 International SoC Design Conference.

[51]  Zhihua Wang,et al.  Low power, non invasive UWB systems for WBAN and biomedical applications , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC).

[52]  Chuan Yi Tang,et al.  A 2.|E|-Bit Distributed Algorithm for the Directed Euler Trail Problem , 1993, Inf. Process. Lett..

[53]  Li-Rong Zheng,et al.  Low power 0.18µm CMOS ultra wideband inductor-less LNA design for UWB receiver , 2010, 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems.

[54]  Marco Furini,et al.  International Journal of Computer and Applications , 2010 .

[55]  Jianfeng Wang,et al.  A multiloop ring VCO design in 0.18µm CMOS technology , 2010, 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology.

[56]  Yi Zhao,et al.  System and circuit considerations for low-complexity constant-envelope FM-UWB , 2010, Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.