Research progress of pollutants removal from coal-fired flue gas using non-thermal plasma

Simultaneous removal of multi-pollutants from coal-fired power plants has drawn worldwide attention in recent years. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) flue gas cleaning technologies show good performance on SO2, NOX, and Hg0 removal and extensive studies have been carried out. This paper reviews the research progress of pollutants removal from coal-fired flue gas using non-thermal plasma. The pollutants removal mechanisms of NTP are briefly described at first. The structure features and parameter characteristics of various NTP reactors are also summarized in this paper. The experimental results of different NTP technologies such as electron beam (EB) irradiation, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) are reviewed systematically and the effects of flue gas components (O2, H2O, HCl, NH3, SO2, NO, Hg0, etc) and oxidation approach on the removal of SO2, NOX, and Hg0 are discussed comprehensively and systematically. Moreover, the NTP-chemical absorption/catalyst hybrid systems for pollutants removal are involved in this paper as well. The pilot/large-scale demonstration projects of NTP technologies around the world are also summarized in this paper and the development of NTP flue gas cleaning technologies in the future are discussed as well.

[1]  Zbigniew Zimek,et al.  Flue gas treatment by electron beam technology , 2001 .

[2]  K. Cen,et al.  NOx Treatment by DC Corona Radical Shower with Different Geometric Nozzle Electrodes , 2005 .

[3]  C. Shao,et al.  Photocatalytic process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of flue gas by TiO2-polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[4]  Zbigniew Zimek,et al.  Electron beam flue gas treatment (EBFGT) technology for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from combustion of liquid fuels , 2008 .

[5]  Ruinian Li,et al.  Main fundamental gas reactions in denitrification and desulfurization from flue gas by non-thermal plasmas , 2000 .

[6]  S. Lindberg,et al.  Mechanisms of mercury removal by O3 and OH in the atmosphere , 2005 .

[7]  Tianle Zhu,et al.  Oxidation and Removal of NO From Flue Gas by DC Corona Discharge Combined With Alkaline Absorption , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[8]  E. V. van Veldhuizen,et al.  Combined Effects of Pulsed Discharge Removal of NO, SO2, and NH3 from Flue Gas , 1998 .

[9]  Shinji Katsura,et al.  Performance evaluation of discharge plasma process for gaseous pollutant removal , 2002 .

[10]  Ladislav Bardos,et al.  Effect of the electrode material on the atmospheric plasma conversion of NO in air mixtures , 2009 .

[11]  T. Kojima,et al.  Electron beam treatment of gas stream containing high concentration of NOx: An in situ FTIR study , 2013 .

[12]  Zhenyu Liu,et al.  SO2 and NO removal from flue gas over V2O5/AC at lower temperatures — role of V2O5 on SO2 removal , 2008 .

[13]  N. Lu,et al.  Oxidation efficiency of elemental mercury in two DBD plasma reactors , 2013 .

[14]  B. Deshwal,et al.  NOx removal from the flue gas of oil-fired boiler using a multistage plasma-catalyst hybrid system , 2008 .

[15]  C. Yang,et al.  Oxidation of nitric oxide in a two-stage chemical scrubber using dc corona discharge. , 2000, Journal of hazardous materials.

[16]  W. Namkung,et al.  Polarity effect of pulsed corona discharge for the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[17]  Jen-Shih Chang,et al.  Time dependence of NO/sub x/ removal rate by a corona radical shower system , 1994 .

[18]  S. Bröer,et al.  Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by combining a non-thermal plasma and a V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst , 2000 .

[19]  N. Lu,et al.  Oxidation of Elemental Mercury by Active Species Generated From a Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor , 2013, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[20]  Zhen-Shu Liu Adsorption of SO2 and NO from incineration flue gas onto activated carbon fibers. , 2008, Waste management.

[21]  Kefa Cen,et al.  Simultaneous removal of NOx, SO2 and Hg in nitrogen flow in a narrow reactor by ozone injection: Experimental results , 2007 .

[22]  U. Kogelschatz Dielectric-Barrier Discharges: Their History, Discharge Physics, and Industrial Applications , 2003 .

[23]  Y. Zhuang,et al.  Development of a mercury transformation model in coal combustion flue gas. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[24]  B. Rajanikanth,et al.  Studies on nitric oxide removal in simulated gas compositions under plasma-dielectric/catalytic discharges , 2001 .

[25]  Peiyi Zhong,et al.  Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOX by wet scrubbing using urea solution , 2011 .

[26]  D. Han,et al.  Microwave Effect in the Simultaneous Removal of NOx and SO2 under Electron Beam Irradiation and Kinetic Investigation of NOx Removal Rate , 2010 .

[27]  Feng Liu,et al.  Study of NO/NOx removal from flue gas contained fly ash and water vapor by pulsed corona discharge , 2005 .

[28]  Shu-Hao Chang,et al.  Degradation of gaseous dioxin-like compounds with dielectric barrier discharges. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[29]  R. Ono,et al.  Dynamics and density estimation of hydroxyl radicals in a pulsed corona discharge , 2002 .

[30]  Studies on Nitrogen Oxides Removal Using Plasma Assisted Catalytic Reactor , 2003 .

[31]  Qinzhen Zheng,et al.  Fundamentals and Environmental Applications of Non-thermal Plasmas: Multi-pollutants Emission Control from Coal-Fired Flue Gas , 2014, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[32]  F. Scala,et al.  Mercury emissions from coal combustion: modeling and comparison of Hg capture in a fabric filter versus an electrostatic precipitator. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[33]  Jo Dewulf,et al.  Combining non-thermal plasma with heterogeneous catalysis in waste gas treatment: A review , 2008 .

[34]  Hongmin Yang,et al.  Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream using non-thermal plasma. , 2007, Journal of environmental sciences.

[35]  U. Kogelschatz,et al.  Filamentary, patterned, and diffuse barrier discharges , 2002 .

[36]  K. Kim,et al.  Effect of TiO2 Thin Film Thickness on NO and SO2 Removals by Dielectric Barrier Discharge-Photocatalyst Hybrid Process , 2013 .

[37]  R. Macarie,et al.  SO2 and NOx removal by electron beam and electrical discharge induced non-thermal plasmas , 2005 .

[38]  Roger Ruan,et al.  Study of SO2 Removal Using Non-thermal Plasma Induced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) , 2002 .

[39]  H Conrads,et al.  Plasma generation and plasma sources , 2000 .

[40]  Tao Wang,et al.  Effect of Reactor Structure in DBD for Nonthermal Plasma Processing of NO in N2 at Ambient Temperature , 2012, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[41]  Christopher J. Zygarlicke,et al.  Mercury Speciation in Coal Combustion and Gasification Flue Gases , 1996 .

[42]  P. Ariya,et al.  Gas-phase HO-initiated reactions of elemental mercury: kinetics, product studies, and atmospheric implications. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[43]  Y. Mok,et al.  Removal of NO and SO2 by pulsed corona discharge process , 2001 .

[44]  Streamer polarity dependence of NOx removal by dielectric barrier discharge with a multipoint-to-plane geometry , 1999 .

[45]  M. Cho,et al.  Influence of gas components on the oxidation of elemental mercury by positive pulsed corona discharge , 2008 .

[46]  W. Namkung,et al.  Oxidation of elemental mercury using atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma. , 2008, Chemosphere.

[47]  I. Nakanishi,et al.  Operational experience of a commercial scale plant of electron beam purification of flue gas , 2000 .

[48]  K. Cen,et al.  Simultaneous oxidation of NO, SO2 and Hg0 from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge. , 2009, Journal of environmental sciences.

[49]  Andrzej G. Chmielewski,et al.  Industrial applications of electron beam flue gas treatment—From laboratory to the practice , 2007 .

[50]  Shiqiang Sun,et al.  Effects of flue gas components on the oxidation of gaseous Hg0 by dielectric barrier discharge plasma , 2015 .

[51]  Zhang Yanbin,et al.  SO2 removal from industrial flue gases using pulsed corona discharge , 1998 .

[52]  K. Cen,et al.  Influences of water vapor and fly ash addition on NO and SO2 gas conversion efficiencies enhanced by pulsed corona discharge , 2009 .

[53]  J. Jurng,et al.  Removal of gaseous elemental mercury by dielectric barrier discharge. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[54]  Akira Mizuno,et al.  A Method for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Exhaust Gas Utilizing Pulsed Streamer Corona for Electron Energization , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[55]  Akira Mizuno,et al.  Application of a non-thermal surface plasma discharge in wet condition for gas exhaust treatment: NOx removal , 2012 .

[56]  Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran,et al.  A review on UV/TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process (Journal Review) , 2008 .

[57]  N. Lu,et al.  Performance evaluation of non-thermal plasma injection for elemental mercury oxidation in a simulated flue gas. , 2014, Journal of hazardous materials.

[58]  Judith Gurney BP Statistical Review of World Energy , 1985 .

[59]  K. Schoenbach,et al.  Comparative study of NO removal in surface-plasma and volume-plasma reactors based on pulsed corona discharges. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[60]  M. Kushner,et al.  Removal of SO2 from gas streams using a dielectric barrier discharge and combined plasma photolysis , 1991 .

[61]  Chengliang Sun,et al.  Magnetoelectric coupling in CoFe₂O₄/SrRuO₃/Pb(Zr[sub 0.52]Ti[sub 0.48])O₃ heteroepitaxial thin film structure , 2008 .

[62]  H. Skov,et al.  Correction to A Theoretical Study of the Oxidation of Hg0 to HgBr2 in the Troposphere , 2012 .

[63]  K. Kim,et al.  NO and SO2 removal in non-thermal plasma reactor packed with glass beads-TiO2 thin film coated by PCVD process , 2010 .

[64]  Senichi Masuda,et al.  Control of NO/sub x/ by positive and negative pulsed corona discharges , 1990 .

[65]  Tianle Zhu,et al.  Effects of Reaction Conditions on Elemental Mercury Oxidation in Simulated Flue Gas by DC Nonthermal Plasma , 2011 .

[66]  P. Ariya,et al.  Studies of ozone initiated reactions of gaseous mercury: kinetics, product studies, and atmospheric implications , 2004 .

[67]  Jen-Shih Chang,et al.  Removal of volatile organic compounds from air streams and industrial flue gases by non-thermal plasma technology , 2000 .

[68]  G. Sretenović,et al.  A dual-use of DBD plasma for simultaneous NO(x) and SO(2) removal from coal-combustion flue gas. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[69]  Zhen Huang,et al.  Removal of NOx from wet flue gas by corona discharge , 2004 .

[70]  Baomin Sun,et al.  The Effect of Oxygen and Water Vapor on Nitric Oxide Conversion with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor , 2009 .

[71]  A. Sarofim,et al.  Emissions of mercury, trace elements, and fine particles from stationary combustion sources , 2000 .

[72]  Zhenyu Liu,et al.  Carbon supported vanadia for multi-pollutants removal from flue gas , 2013 .

[73]  Jo-Chun Kim,et al.  Electron Beam Irradiation for Mercury Oxidation and Mercury Emissions Control , 2010 .

[74]  Jerzy Mizeraczyk,et al.  NOx removal from a flue gas in a corona discharge-catalyst hybrid system , 2004 .

[75]  Tianle Zhu,et al.  Oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury in a high voltage discharge reactor. , 2009, Journal of environmental sciences.

[76]  M. Hołub,et al.  Comparison of direct and indirect plasma oxidation of NO combined with oxidation by catalyst , 2015 .

[77]  Y. Mok,et al.  Reduction of nitrogen oxides from simulated exhaust gas by using plasma–catalytic process , 2004 .

[78]  M. Arai,et al.  EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON NOx REMOVAL IN CORONA DISCHARGE FIELD: NOx BEHAVIOR WITHOUT A REDUCING AGENT , 2004 .

[79]  Jie Li,et al.  Industrial experiments on desulfurization of flue gases by pulsed corona induced plasma chemical process , 2003 .

[80]  Jen-Shih Chang,et al.  NO/sub x/ removal by a pipe with nozzle-plate electrode corona discharge system , 1994 .

[81]  K. Kim,et al.  Effects of TiO2 coating on zeolite particles for NO and SO2 removal by dielectric barrier discharge process , 2013 .

[82]  Jen-Shih Chang,et al.  Flow-enhanced corona discharge: the corona torch , 1988 .

[83]  Hassan Rahimzadeh,et al.  The Configuration Effects of Electrode on the Performance of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor for NOx Removal , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[84]  Masaaki Okubo,et al.  Towards ideal NO/sub x/ control technology using a plasma-chemical hybrid process , 2001 .

[85]  K. Takaki,et al.  Influence of electrode configuration on ozone synthesis and microdischarge property in dielectric barrier discharge reactor , 2008 .

[86]  W. Namkung,et al.  Pulsed corona discharge for oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury - article no. 251503 , 2008 .

[87]  Towards ideal NO/sub x/ control technology using plasma-chemical hybrid process , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[88]  K. Schoenbach,et al.  A Novel Pulsed Corona Discharge Reactor Based on Surface Streamers for NO Conversion from N2-O2 Mixture Gases , 2011 .

[89]  K. Cen,et al.  Removal of NOx with radical injection caused by corona discharge , 2004 .

[90]  Zbigniew Zimek,et al.  Electron-beam flue-gas treatment for multicomponent air-pollution control , 2003 .

[91]  T. Dibble,et al.  Towards a Consistent Chemical Kinetic Model of Electron Beam Irradiation of Humid Air , 2009 .

[92]  Changfu You,et al.  Coal combustion and its pollution control in China , 2010 .

[93]  Zijun Tang,et al.  Simultaneous removal of SO2, NO and Hg-0 by wet scrubbing using urea + KMnO4 solution , 2013 .

[94]  Hui Liang,et al.  A semi-wet technological process for flue gas desulfurization by corona discharges at an industrial scale , 2006 .

[95]  A. Mizuno,et al.  Low-temperature NOx reduction processes using combined systems of pulsed corona discharge and catalysts , 2001 .

[96]  I. Jõgi,et al.  Hybrid TiO2 based plasma-catalytic reactors for the removal of hazardous gasses , 2014 .

[97]  Y. Mok,et al.  Modeling of pulsed corona discharge process for the removal of nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide , 2002 .

[98]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Modeling of the production of OH and O radicals in a positive pulsed corona discharge plasma , 2008 .

[99]  M. Okubo,et al.  Simultaneous removal of NO/sub x/, SO/sub x/, and CO/sub 2/ at elevated temperature using a plasma-chemical hybrid process , 2002 .

[100]  Zs S. Li,et al.  Investigation on elemental mercury oxidation mechanism by non-thermal plasma treatment , 2010 .

[101]  V. Lavric,et al.  Flue gas cleaning by high energy electron beam – Modeling and sensitivity analysis , 2014 .

[102]  W. Namkung,et al.  Influence of HCl on oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury by dielectric barrier discharge process. , 2008, Chemosphere.

[103]  A. Mizuno,et al.  $\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ Reduction for $\hbox{NO}_{\rm x}$ Removal Using Wet-Type Plasma Reactor , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[104]  Jen-Shih Chang,et al.  Preliminary pilot plant tests of a corona discharge-electron beam hybrid combustion flue gas cleaning system , 1996 .

[105]  Evan J Granite,et al.  The thief process for mercury removal from flue gas. , 2007, Journal of environmental management.

[106]  Zongyuan Chen,et al.  Mercury Oxidization in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma System , 2006 .

[107]  Hai-Long Li,et al.  Simultaneous removal of SO2, NO and mercury using TiO2-aluminum silicate fiber by photocatalysis , 2012 .

[108]  Jong-Seok Oh,et al.  Application of pulsed corona induced plasma chemical process to an industrial incinerator. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[109]  Jen-Shih Chang,et al.  Simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 from coal boiler flue gases by DC corona discharge ammonia radical shower systems: pilot plant tests , 2003 .

[110]  Yifei Sun,et al.  Removal of $\hbox{NO}_{x}$, $\hbox{SO}_{2}$, and Hg From Simulated Flue Gas by Plasma - Absorption Hybrid System , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[111]  B. Penetrante,et al.  Comparison of electrical discharge techniques for nonthermal plasma processing of NO in N/sub 2/ , 1995 .

[112]  Tao Wang,et al.  Effects of O2 and H2O on SO2 removal by dielectric barrier discharge at various temperatures , 2014 .

[113]  Hyun-Ha Kim,et al.  Nonthermal Plasma Processing for Air‐Pollution Control: A Historical Review, Current Issues, and Future Prospects , 2004 .

[114]  Young Sun Mok,et al.  Removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by using ozone injection and absorption–reduction technique , 2006 .

[115]  Renata Krzyżyńska,et al.  Simultaneous Removal of SO2, NOX, and Hg from Coal Flue Gas Using a NaClO2-Enhanced Wet Scrubber , 2008 .

[116]  Liwei Huang,et al.  Removal of SO2 and NOx by Pulsed Corona Combined with in situ Ca(OH)2 Absorption , 2011 .

[117]  M. Okubo,et al.  Single-stage plasma-chemical process for particulates, NO/sub x/, and SO/sub x/ simultaneous removal , 2001 .

[118]  H. Skov,et al.  A theoretical study of the oxidation of Hg0 to HgBr2 in the troposphere. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[119]  Richard J. Brown,et al.  The role of non-thermal plasma technique in {NOx} treatment: A review , 2014 .

[120]  Steven A. Benson,et al.  Status review of mercury control options for coal-fired power plants , 2003 .