A comparison of sliding mode and FRF-based observers for cylinder pressure estimation of spark ignition engine

A sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed for the estimation of cylinder pressure using crankshaft speed fluctuations. SMO parameters are updated using the difference between measured and observed crankshaft speed. The governing equations of cylinder pressure and crankshaft speed are described by a one-zone combustion model and crankshaft model dynamics, respectively. The observer is found to be unstable at top dead centre (TDC) due to zero combustion torque at this point. To prevent instability, observer gains are switched off near TDC and observer performance depends only on the modelling accuracies of the combustion model. This model is further improved by modelling flame development angle θ d and rapid burning angle θ b as a function of spark advance, equivalence ratio, mean speed and manifold pressure. Experimental investigations are carried out to test and validate the model on a spark ignition engine coupled with a dynamometer. The results of the SMO are compared with cylinder pressure profile estimated using a frequency response function (FRF). It is seen that the averaged relative error, using SMO, is reduced for all the test conditions in comparison with cylinder pressure estimation using FRF. This reduction in averaged relative error is more significant at the low-load, high-speed conditions where cycle-by-cycle variations are quite high.

[1]  Feilong Liu,et al.  An Experimental Study on Engine Dynamics Model Based In-Cylinder Pressure Estimation , 2012 .

[2]  Rolf Isermann,et al.  Methods for engine supervision and control based on cylinder pressure information , 1999 .

[3]  Samir Saraswati,et al.  Cycle-by-cycle estimation of cylinder pressure and indicated torque waveform using crankshaft speed fluctuations , 2015 .

[4]  John J. Moskwa,et al.  Cylinder pressure and combustion heat release estimation for SI engine diagnostics using nonlinear sliding observers , 1995, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[5]  J. Molinar-Monterrubio,et al.  Sliding Mode Observer for Internal Combustion Engine Misfire Detection. , 2007, Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference (CERMA 2007).

[6]  F. Taglialatela,et al.  Determination of combustion parameters using engine crankshaft speed , 2013 .

[7]  J. E. Morris,et al.  Improved Intra-Cylinder Combustion Pressure Sensor , 1985 .

[8]  J. D. Powell,et al.  Closed Loop Control of Spark Advance Using a Cylinder Pressure Sensor , 1976 .

[9]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[10]  Jeffrey Naber,et al.  Application of FRF with SISO and MISO model for accelerometer-based in-cylinder pressure reconstruction on a 9-L diesel engine , 2015 .

[11]  T. Nakamura,et al.  Indiscope-A New Combustion Pressure Indicator with Washer Transducers , 1975 .

[12]  Gabriele Serra,et al.  Indicated and Load Torque Estimation using Crankshaft Angular Velocity Measurement , 1999 .

[13]  K. Reichard,et al.  Diagnostic fault detection for internal combustion engines via pressure curve reconstruction , 2003, 2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8652).

[14]  I. Andersson,et al.  Torque ratio concept for combustion phasing detection of a spark ignited engine , 2004, 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601).

[15]  C. Mobley,et al.  Non-Intrusive In-Cylinder Pressure Measurement of Internal Combustion Engines , 1999 .

[16]  Pipitone Emiliano,et al.  Spark Ignition Feedback Control by Means of Combustion Phase Indicators on Steady and Transient Operation , 2014 .

[17]  Samir Saraswati,et al.  Identification of flame development and rapid burning angle for SI engine , 2014, 2014 Students Conference on Engineering and Systems.

[18]  John J. Moskwa,et al.  Application of nonlinear sliding-mode observers for cylinder pressure reconstruction , 1996 .

[19]  Ibrahim Haskara,et al.  Real-time cylinder pressure and indicated torque estimation via second order sliding modes , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference. (Cat. No.01CH37148).

[20]  Isao Fujii,et al.  MBT Control Utilizing Crank Angle of Maximum Combustion Pressure , 1989 .

[21]  J. D. Powell,et al.  Closed loop, knock adaptive spark timing control based on cylinder pressure , 1978 .

[22]  Myoungho Sunwoo,et al.  Closed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure , 2000 .

[23]  Yoshihisa Kawamura,et al.  MBT Control through Individual Cylinder Pressure Detection , 1988 .

[24]  Gregg W. Pestana.  Engine Control Methods Using Combustion Pressure Feedback , 1989 .

[25]  Satish Chand,et al.  Neural networks and fuzzy logic-based spark advance control of SI engines , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[26]  Simone Lombardi,et al.  ANN-based Virtual Sensor for On-line Prediction of In-cylinder Pressure in a Diesel Engine , 2014 .

[27]  J. David Powell,et al.  A Cylinder Pressure Sensor for Spark Advance Control and Knock Detection , 1979 .

[28]  Peter Wibberley,et al.  An Investigation of Cylinder Pressure as Feedback for Control of Internal Combustion Engines , 1989 .

[29]  J. David Powell,et al.  Engine control using cylinder pressure : past, present, and future , 1993 .

[30]  John J. Moskwa,et al.  Nonlinear Diesel Engine Control and Cylinder Pressure Observation , 1995 .

[31]  Chen-Fang Chang,et al.  Cylinder-Pressure-Based Engine Control Using Pressure-Ratio-Management and Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Cylinder Pressure Sensors , 2000 .