An algebraic space-time coding theory and its applications /

The explosive demand of wireless communication requires better usage o f limited spec­ trum. Employing uncorrelated multiple antennas in the system has been proven to dramat­ ically increase the capacity. To realize a significant portion of the capacity, space-time coding is employed to take advantage of the space diversity introduced by multiple anten­ nas in addition to the time diversity. One of the challenges in space-time code design is to guarantee certain levels o f space diversity. We developed an algebraic design theory to ensure Quadrature amplitude modu­ lated (QAM) space-time codes achieve full space diversity in quasi-static fading channels based on binary rank theory by Hammons and El Gamal. It simplifies the check o f space di­ versity of a code by transferring a nonlinear problem into a linear problem. Consequently, it offers a low complexity solution to an otherwise prohibitively complex problem. .41 though it is a sufficient condition of full space diversity, we found the theory is general enough to cover many com puter searched “optimal” codes. With the algebraic design theory, we can take advantage of the vast knowledge base o f traditional eiTor correction codes designed for single antenna systems by transforming some of them to space-time codes. With good Euclidean distances and guaranteed space diversity, these codes often provide good performance. The theory enables us to propose a class of full diversity full rate space-time turbo codes. Both parallel concatenated and serially concatenated codes are designed. Addi­ tionally, we study the robustness of performance of both turbo codes and trellis codes in space-time conelated fading channels. The simulations demonstrate that the space-time turbo codes can take full advantage of space diversity and time diversity. For multiple antenna systems in a symbol-spaced tap-delay-line channel, which is a special case of frequency selective fading channels, a method suitable for numerical cal­ culation is developed to evaluate the outage probability. By introducing the concepts of virtual antenna, we transform the frequency diversity into virtual transmit diversity to de­ rive the design criteria of space-time codes in such channels. Some full space diversity and full frequency diversity example codes are designed according to the performance criteria using the algebraic design theory for systems with and without channel interleavers.

[1]  James L. Massey,et al.  Capacity of the discrete-time Gaussian channel with intersymbol interference , 1988, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[2]  Michael P. Fitz,et al.  A new view of performance analysis techniques in correlated Rayleigh fading , 1999, WCNC. 1999 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (Cat. No.99TH8466).

[3]  P Shankar.  On BCH codes over arbitrary integer rings , 1979 .

[4]  Shu Lin,et al.  Error control coding : fundamentals and applications , 1983 .

[5]  Jimm H Grimm.  Transmitter diversity code design for achieving full diversity on Rayleigh fading channels , 1998 .

[6]  Gerard J. Foschini,et al.  Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas , 1996, Bell Labs Technical Journal.

[7]  Robert G. Gallager,et al.  Low-density parity-check codes , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[8]  Evaggelos Geraniotis,et al.  Spectrally Efficient Turbo Codes with Full Antenna Diversity , 1999 .

[9]  N. J. A. Sloane,et al.  The Z4-linearity of Kerdock, Preparata, Goethals, and related codes , 1994, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[10]  Shlomo Shamai,et al.  Fading channels (invited paper): information-theoretic and communications aspects , 2000 .

[11]  Gerhard Bauch,et al.  Improved codes for space-time trellis-coded modulation , 2000, IEEE Communications Letters.

[12]  Rick S. Blum,et al.  Improved space-time codes using serial concatenation , 2000, IEEE Communications Letters.

[13]  A. Robert Calderbank,et al.  Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: performance criteria , 1997, Proceedings of ICC'97 - International Conference on Communications.

[14]  Youjian Liu,et al.  A rank criterion for QAM space-time codes with application to turbo coding , 2000, Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop. SAM 2000 (Cat. No.00EX410).

[15]  Jin Yang.  Diversity receiver scheme and system performance evaluation for a CDMA system , 1999, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[16]  G. Bauch,et al.  Concatenation of space-time block codes and "turbo"-TCM , 1999, 1999 IEEE International Conference on Communications (Cat. No. 99CH36311).

[17]  Emre Telatar,et al.  Capacity of Multi-antenna Gaussian Channels , 1999, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[18]  Robert J. McEliece.  Achieving the Shannon Limit: A Progress Report , 2000 .

[19]  J. Guey,et al.  Signal design for transmitter diversity wireless communication systems over Rayleigh fading channels , 1996, Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC.

[20]  Sergio Benedetto,et al.  Self-concatenated codes with self-iterative decoding for power and bandwidth efficiency , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (Cat. No.98CH36252).

[21]  Daniel J. Costello,et al.  A distance spectrum interpretation of turbo codes , 1996, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[22]  W. R. Braun,et al.  A physical mobile radio channel model , 1991 .

[23]  Ran Gozali,et al.  Space-Time Codes for High Data Rate Wireless Communications , 2002 .

[24]  F. Pollara,et al.  Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation With Iterative Decoding for Mobile Satellite Communications , 1997 .

[25]  Tolga M. Duman,et al.  Turbo coded modulation for wireless communications with antenna diversity , 1999, Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324).

[26]  S. Wicker.  Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage , 1994 .

[27]  Jung-Fu Cheng,et al.  Turbo Decoding as an Instance of Pearl's "Belief Propagation" Algorithm , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[28]  M. J. Gans,et al.  On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas , 1998, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[29]  Hesham El Gamal,et al.  On the theory of space-time codes for PSK modulation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[30]  M. P. Fitz,et al.  Further Results on Space-Time Coding for Rayleigh Fading , 1998 .

[31]  P. E. Green,et al.  A Communication Technique for Multipath Channels , 1958, Proceedings of the IRE.

[32]  Dariush Divsalar,et al.  The design of trellis coded MPSK for fading channels: performance criteria , 1988, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[33]  W. C. Jakes,et al.  Microwave Mobile Communications , 1974 .

[34]  Michael D. Zoltowski,et al.  A space-time model for frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channels with applications to space-time modems , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[35]  Shlomo Shamai,et al.  Information theoretic considerations for cellular mobile radio , 1994 .

[36]  John Cocke,et al.  Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (Corresp.) , 1974, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.