Acute kidney injury following peripheral angiography and endovascular therapy: A systematic review of the literature

Radiographic contrast administration is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), worldwide. Currently, contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is the third leading cause of hospital acquired renal failure in the United States. Over 50% of these cases are the result of contrast exposure during cardiac catheterization. The predictive risk factors for and clinical impact of AKI following coronary procedures have been extensively studied and documented in the literature. Similar data, however, are lacking for AKI following angiography or endovascular interventions for lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD).

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