Success and failure of travel demand management: Is congestion charging the way forward?

This editorial discusses the third of three international travel demand management (TDM) success and failure symposia, at Napier University (Edinburgh, Scotland) in 2005--the previous two were at Imperial College London in 2003, and at Newcastle University in 1998. The symposium was held to encourage future TDM research and assess existing TDM research. Just as pricing measures have gained popularity and support in recent years, road user and other pricing operations dominated the conference. The author discusses further research recommendations and ideas generated by the symposium. Discussion of articles presented in the same edition of the publication, as well as areas the industry has and has not excelled in, are discussed.