Learning the nodal stations in the abdomen.

The normal pathways of lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs have been well described in the classic anatomy literature. Knowledge of the location and nomenclature of the common nodal stations in the abdomen are essential for complete report of radiological findings. CT is ubiquitous in the evaluation of oncology patients. Utilizing colour-coded CT images of the abdomen we will present the nomenclature and location of the nodal stations for common abdominal neoplasms, including those of the stomach, pancreas, liver, colon and the kidney. Understanding the nomenclature and the usual lymphatic pathways of metastasis will help radiologists detect disease spread from abdominal tumours. The goal of this pictorial review is to present the nodal stations, nomenclature and location of regional lymph nodes for the most common abdominal neoplasms. In addition, the reader can use this document as a handbook to learn and review this information.

[1]  Arnulf H Hölscher,et al.  Lymph node size and metastatic infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer. , 2003, Chest.

[2]  N. Moriyama,et al.  [Staging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using dynamic MR imaging]. , 1997, Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai zasshi. Nippon acta radiologica.

[3]  Yoshimi Anzai,et al.  Evaluation of neck and body metastases to nodes with ferumoxtran 10-enhanced MR imaging: phase III safety and efficacy study. , 2003, Radiology.

[4]  C. Balch,et al.  AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed , 2002 .

[5]  H. Rouvière Anatomie des lymphatiques de l'homme , 1932 .

[6]  K. Lehmann,et al.  Pancreatic cancer: value of dual-phase helical CT in assessing resectability. , 1998, Radiology.

[7]  B. Gross,et al.  Upper abdominal lymph nodes: criteria for normal size determined with CT. , 1991, Radiology.

[8]  G. Dodd,et al.  Enlarged abdominal lymph nodes in end-stage cirrhosis: CT-histopathologic correlation in 507 patients. , 1997, Radiology.

[9]  Mukesh G Harisinghani,et al.  Current concepts in lymph node imaging. , 2004, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[10]  M. Banerjee,et al.  Lymph node size does not correlate with the presence of prostate cancer metastasis. , 1999, Urology.

[11]  A. Magnusson Size of Normal Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes , 1983, Acta radiologica: diagnosis.

[12]  A. Andrén-sandberg,et al.  Pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer , 1993 .

[13]  C. Compton,et al.  AJCC Cancer Staging Manual , 2002, Springer New York.

[14]  J. Griffiths,et al.  Surgical anatomy of the blood supply of the distal colon. , 1956, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

[15]  B. Anson,et al.  Surgical anatomy of the arterial supply to the colon from the superior mesenteric artery based upon a study of 600 specimens. , 1958, Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.

[16]  J. Frija,et al.  Le diagnostic d’un ganglion tumoral , 2005 .

[17]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  Jorge A Soto,et al.  Mesenteric lymph nodes: detection and significance on MDCT. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[19]  Griffith Jd Surgical anatomy of the blood supply of the distal colon. , 1956 .

[20]  [Normal lymph node cross sections in different anatomic regions and their significance for computed tomographic diagnosis]. , 1985, Der Radiologe.

[21]  A. Andrén-sandberg,et al.  Pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer. International Pancreatitis Study Group. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[22]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Ferumoxtran-10-enhanced MR lymphangiography: does contrast-enhanced imaging alone suffice for accurate lymph node characterization? , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.