Peptide Cross-linkers: Immobilization of Platinum Nanoparticles Highly Dispersed on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities.

For exerting potential catalytic and photocatalytic activities of metal nanoparticles (MNPs), immobilization of MNPs on a support medium in highly dispersed state is desired. In this Research Article, we demonstrated that surfactant-free platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were efficiently immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in a highly dispersed state by utilizing oligopeptide β-sheets as a cross-linker. The fluorenyl-substituted peptides were designed to form β-sheets, where metal-binding thiol groups and protonated and positively charged amino groups are integrated on the opposite sides of the surface of a β-sheet, which efficiently bridge PtNPs and GO nanosheet. In comparison to PtNP/GO composite without the peptide linker, the PtNP/peptide/GO ternary complex exhibited excellent photocatalytic dye degradation activity via electron transfer from GO to PtNP and simultaneous hole transfer from oxidized GO to the dye. Furthermore, the ternary complex showed photoinduced hydrogen evolution upon visible light irradiation using a hole scavenger. This research provides a new methodology for the development of photocatalytic materials by a bottom-up strategy on the basis of self-assembling features of biomolecules.

[1]  R. Amal,et al.  Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction under Visible Light Irradiation Using Z-Scheme Systems Consisting of Metal Sulfides, CoOx-Loaded BiVO4, and a Reduced Graphene Oxide Electron Mediator. , 2016, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[2]  T. Kondo,et al.  Enwrapping Conjugated Polymer Microspheres with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets , 2016 .

[3]  Yong Huang,et al.  Cellulose Tailored Anatase TiO2 Nanospindles in Three-Dimensional Graphene Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitors. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[4]  P. White,et al.  Advances in Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis , 2016, Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society.

[5]  S. R. Silva,et al.  The band structure of graphene oxide examined using photoluminescence spectroscopy , 2015 .

[6]  N. Zhang,et al.  Waltzing with the Versatile Platform of Graphene to Synthesize Composite Photocatalysts. , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[7]  P. Wagener,et al.  Size control and supporting of palladium nanoparticles made by laser ablation in saline solution as a facile route to heterogeneous catalysts , 2015 .

[8]  Stephan Barcikowski,et al.  Cysteine-containing oligopeptide β-sheets as redispersants for agglomerated metal nanoparticles , 2015 .

[9]  Kewu Bai,et al.  Platinum nanoparticle during electrochemical hydrogen evolution: Adsorbate distribution, active reaction species, and size effect , 2015 .

[10]  E. Takai,et al.  Charge‐Separated Fmoc‐Peptide β‐Sheets: Sequence‐Secondary Structure Relationship for Arranging Charged Side Chains on Both Sides , 2014 .

[11]  P. Fromme,et al.  Probing the Nature of Charge Transfer at Nano-Bio Interfaces: Peptides on Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. , 2014, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[12]  Stephan Barcikowski,et al.  Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays , 2014, Beilstein journal of nanotechnology.

[13]  N. Zhang,et al.  Graphene Oxide as a Surfactant and Support for In-Situ Synthesis of Au–Pd Nanoalloys with Improved Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity , 2014 .

[14]  René Streubel,et al.  Size control of laser-fabricated surfactant-free gold nanoparticles with highly diluted electrolytes and their subsequent bioconjugation. , 2013, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[15]  Guan Wu,et al.  Self-regenerated solar-driven photocatalytic water-splitting by urea derived graphitic carbon nitride with platinum nanoparticles. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[16]  M. Haruta,et al.  Visualizing Gas Molecules Interacting with Supported Nanoparticulate Catalysts at Reaction Conditions , 2012, Science.

[17]  O. Yaghi,et al.  Synthesis of metal−organic complex arrays. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  Michio Koinuma,et al.  Simple photoreduction of graphene oxide nanosheet under mild conditions. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[19]  Itaru Honma,et al.  Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pt subnanoclusters on graphene nanosheet surface. , 2009, Nano letters.

[20]  M. Meneghetti,et al.  Laser ablation synthesis in solution and size manipulation of noble metal nanoparticles. , 2009, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[21]  Rafael Luque,et al.  Supported metal nanoparticles on porous materials. Methods and applications. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[22]  B. Giese,et al.  Electron transfer in peptides and proteins. , 2008, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[23]  K. Toh,et al.  Kinetic analysis of superoxide anion radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities of platinum nanoparticles. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[24]  Shouheng Sun,et al.  A general approach to the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their catalytic reduction of oxygen. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[25]  Geping Yin,et al.  Effect of carbon black support corrosion on the durability of Pt/C catalyst , 2007 .

[26]  Boris N. Chichkov,et al.  Generation of nanoparticle colloids by picosecond and femtosecond laser ablations in liquid flow , 2007 .

[27]  G. J. Kearley,et al.  A New Look at Proton Transfer Dynamics Along the Hydrogen Bonds in Amides and Peptides , 1994, Science.

[28]  P. Tanev,et al.  Titanium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves for catalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds , 1994, Nature.

[29]  J. Tauc,et al.  Absorption edge and internal electric fields in amorphous semiconductors , 1970 .

[30]  W. S. Hummers,et al.  Preparation of Graphitic Oxide , 1958 .

[31]  Nan Zhang,et al.  The endeavour to advance graphene–semiconductor composite-based photocatalysis , 2016 .

[32]  D. Stephan,et al.  Photodegradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution via SiO2@TiO2 nano-spheres , 2007 .

[33]  Chuncheng Chen,et al.  Effect of Transition Metal Ions on the TiO2-Assisted Photodegradation of Dyes under Visible Irradiation: A Probe for the Interfacial Electron Transfer Process and Reaction Mechanism , 2002 .