Process analysis of anaerobic fermentation of Phragmites australis straw and cow dung exposing to elevated chromium (VI) concentrations.

Anaerobic fermentation is considered as a cost-effective way of biomass waste disposal. Chromium (Cr) is one of the heavy metals that often been blamed for unsatisfactory operation or failure of anaerobic fermentation. The impact of Cr (added as K2Cr2O7) on mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of Phragmites australis straw and cow dung was demonstrated by investigating the biogas properties, process stability, substrate degradation and enzyme activities during the fermentation process. The results showed that 30, 100 and 500 mg/L Cr6+ addition increased the cumulative biogas yields by up to 19.00%, 14.85% and 7.68% respectively, and brought forward the daily biogas yield peak. Meanwhile, the methane (CH4) content in the 30 (52.47%) and 100 (40.57%) mg/L Cr6+-added groups were generally higher than the control group (37.70%). Higher pH values (close to pH 7) and lower oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values in the Cr6+-added groups after the 15th day indicated the better process stability compared to the control group. Taking the whole fermentation process into account, the promoting effect of Cr6+ addition on biogas yields was mainly attributable to better process stability, the enhanced degradation of lignin and hemicellulose, the transformation of intermediates into VFA, the higher coenzyme F420 activities and the efficient generation of CH4. These results demonstrate that an appropriate addition of Cr6+ could enhance the anaerobic fermentation which support the regulations utilizing of the Cr6+ contaminated biowaste.

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