Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral Cortex

Introduction. The mammalian visual system contains numerous visual areas that collectively occupy a large fraction of cerebral cortex. For cortical cartographers interested in vision, a fundamental set of objectives is to identify in key species of interest the overall extent of visual cortex, the total number of visual areas, the identities of these areas, and their location in relation to one another and to various gyral and sulcal landmarks. Over the past three decades there has been much progress in this endeavor for a number of primate and non-primate species. However, the task remains far from complete. Numerous qualitatively different partitioning schemes abound, even for the most intensively studied species. Our fragmentary and rapidly evolving understanding is reminiscent of the situation faced by cartographers of the earth's surface many centuries ago, when maps were replete with uncertainties and divergent portrayals of most of the planet's surface.

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