CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential - eScholarship

This paper presents a complete methodology for both probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction triggering potential based on the cone penetration test (CPT). A comprehensive worldwide set of CPT-based liquefaction field case histories were compiled and back analyzed, and the data then used to develop probabilistic triggering correlations. Issues investigated in this study include improved normalization of CPT resistance measurements for the influence of effective overburden stress, and adjustment to CPT tip resistance for the potential influence of "thin" liquefiable layers. The effects of soil type and soil character (i.e., "fines" adjustment) for the new correlations are based on a combination of CPT tip and sleeve resistance. To quantify probability for performance-based engineering applications, Bayesian "regression" methods were used, and the uncertainties of all variables comprising both the seismic demand and the liquefaction resistance were estimated and included in the analysis. The resulting correlations were developed using a Bayesian framework and are presented in both probabilistic and deterministic formats. The results are compared to previous probabilistic and deterministic correlations.

[1]  I. M. Idriss,et al.  SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING SOIL LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL , 1971 .

[2]  G. C. Tiao,et al.  Bayesian inference in statistical analysis , 1973 .

[3]  B. Ladanyi.  Prediction of Foundation Deformations in Edmonton Using an In Situ Pressure Probe: Discussion , 1974 .

[4]  G. H. Johnston,et al.  Behavior of Circular Footings and Plate Anchors Embedded in Permafrost , 1974 .

[5]  G G Mayerhof,et al.  Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundations , 1976 .

[6]  J Biarez,et al.  BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF PILE FOUNDATIONS , 1977 .

[7]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Closure of "Soil Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evaluation for Level Ground during Earthquakes" , 1979 .

[8]  石原 研而,et al.  CASE STUDIES OF LIQUEFACTION IN THE 1964 NIIGATA EARTHQUAKE , 1981 .

[9]  Yasuyuki Koga,et al.  CASE STUDIES OF LIQUEFACTION IN THE 1964 NIIGATA EARTHQUAKE , 1981 .

[10]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Using Field Performance Data , 1983 .

[11]  T. L. Youd,et al.  Liquefaction during the 1981 and previous earthquakes near Westmorland, California , 1984 .

[12]  Michael J. Bennett,et al.  Geotechnical investigation of liquefaction sites, Imperial Valley, California , 1984 .

[13]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  LIQUEFACTION-ASSOCIATED GROUND DAMAGE DURING THE VRANCEA EARTHQUAKE OF MARCH 4,1977 , 1984 .

[14]  L. Ishihara,et al.  Stability of Natural Deposits during Earthquakes , 1985 .

[15]  Peter K. Robertson,et al.  Liquefaction Potential of Sands Using the CPT , 1985 .

[16]  Michele Jamiolkowski,et al.  PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND LIQUEFACTION OF SANDS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, SAN FRANCISCO, 12-16 AUGUST 1985 , 1985 .

[17]  Liu Ying,et al.  Comparison of the SPT,CPT, SV and Electrical Methods of Evaluating Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Susceptibility in Ying Kou City During the Haicheng Earthquake , 1986 .

[18]  Robert V. Whitman,et al.  Overburden Correction Factors for SPT in Sand , 1986 .

[19]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Use of SPT and CPT Tests for Evaluating the Liquefaction Resistance of Sands , 1986 .

[20]  Samuel P. Clemence.  Use of in situ tests in geotechnical engineering : Proceedings of in Situ '86, a specialty conference sponsored by the Geotechnical Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers , 1986 .

[21]  Toru Shibata.  Discussion of "Liquefaction Potential of Sand Using the CPT" , 1987 .

[22]  Toru Shibata,et al.  EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIALS OF SOILS USING CONE PENETRATION TESTS , 1988 .

[23]  Jose M. Roesset,et al.  Liquefaction of gravelly soil at Pence Ranch during the 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake , 1991 .

[24]  Fernando Alfonso Maria Reyna.  {\it In situ\/} tests for liquefaction potential evaluation: Application to California data including data from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , 1991 .

[25]  G. W. Clough,et al.  Liquefaction response of San Francisco bayshore fills , 1991 .

[26]  Jean Benoît,et al.  Deep Instrumentation Array at Treasure Island Naval Station , 1992 .

[27]  George E. P. Box,et al.  Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis: Box/Bayesian , 1992 .

[28]  D. J. Dowrick,et al.  Peak ground accelerations recorded in the 1968 Inangahua earthquake and some attenuation implications , 1993 .

[29]  J. D. Frost,et al.  Performance of Fill Soils During the Loma Prieta Earthquake , 1993 .

[30]  T. Leslie Youd,et al.  Liquefaction-induced ground surface disruption , 1994 .

[31]  J. B. Berrill,et al.  Interpretation of cone penetration results in multilayered soils , 1994 .

[32]  Roman D. Hryciw,et al.  Ground response on Treasure Island , 1994 .

[33]  Cee-Ing Teh.  Calibration Chamber Studies of Piezocone Test in Cohesive Soils , 1995 .

[34]  M. J. Bennett,et al.  Geotechnical data from surface and subsurface samples outside of and within liquefaction-related ground failures caused by the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California , 1995 .

[35]  P. K. Robertson.  Liquefaction of sands and its evaluation, Special, Keynote and Theme Lectures Preprint Volume , 1995 .

[36]  Timothy D. Stark,et al.  Liquefaction Resistance Using CPT and Field Case Histories , 1995 .

[37]  Fusao Oka,et al.  Characteristics of ground deformation due to liquefaction , 1996 .

[38]  Takahiro Sugano,et al.  PERFORMANCE OF CAISSON TYPE QUAY WALLS AT KOBE PORT , 1996 .

[39]  D. J. Dowrick,et al.  Attenuation of peak ground accelerations in New Zealand earthquakes , 1997 .

[40]  Jerry A. Yamamuro,et al.  STEADY-STATE CONCEPTS AND STATIC LIQUEFACTION OF SILTY SANDS , 1998 .

[41]  Michael J. Bennett,et al.  Subsurface geotechnical investigations near sites of ground deformation caused by the January 17, 1994, Northridge, California, earthquake , 1998 .

[42]  Raymond B. Seed,et al.  SOIL LIQUEFACTION IN THE EAST BAY DURING THE EARTHQUAKE , 1998 .

[43]  Shamsher Prakash,et al.  Liquefaction of Silts and Silt-Clay Mixtures , 1999 .

[44]  P. Robertson,et al.  Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test , 1998 .

[45]  Roman D. Hryciw,et al.  GROUND SETTLEMENT IN SIMI VALLEY FOLLOWING THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE , 1998 .

[46]  D. C. Andrews,et al.  CRITERIA FOR LIQUEFACTION OF SILTY SOILS , 1999 .

[47]  Ross W. Boulanger,et al.  Liquefaction at Moss Landing during Loma Prieta Earthquake , 1999 .

[48]  Michael J. Bennett,et al.  Liquefaction and Soil Failure during 1994 Northridge Earthquake , 1999 .

[49]  K. Cetin,et al.  Reliability based assessment of seismic soil liquefaction initiation hazard , 2000 .

[50]  Armen Der Kiureghian,et al.  Field Case Histories for SPT-Based In Situ Liquefaction Potential Evaluation , 2000 .

[51]  Vlad G. Perlea,et al.  Liquefaction of Cohesive Soils , 2000 .

[52]  Hai-Sui Yu,et al.  Cavity Expansion Methods in Geomechanics , 2000 .

[53]  W. F. Marcuson,et al.  Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils , 2001 .

[54]  Konstantinos I. Andrianopoulos,et al.  A Critical State Evaluation of Fines Effect on Liquefaction Potential , 2001 .

[55]  C. Polito,et al.  Plasticity Based Liquefaction Criteria , 2001 .

[56]  Jonathan P. Stewart,et al.  EQUIVALENT NUMBER OF UNIFORM STRESS CYCLES FOR SOIL LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS , 2001 .

[57]  C. I. Teh,et al.  Undrained cavity expansion in modified Cam clay I: Theoretical analysis , 2001 .

[58]  Mark Randolph,et al.  Analysis of Cavity Expansion in Sand , 2001 .

[59]  Armen Der Kiureghian,et al.  Probabilistic models for the initiation of seismic soil liquefaction , 2002 .

[60]  Armen Der Kiureghian,et al.  Probabilistic Capacity Models and Fragility Estimates for Reinforced Concrete Columns based on Experimental Observations , 2002 .

[61]  Jonathan P. Stewart,et al.  Correlation between ground failure and soil conditions in Adapazari, Turkey , 2002 .

[62]  Jonathan D. Bray,et al.  Recent Advances in Soil Liquefaction Engineering: A Unified and Consistent Framework , 2003 .

[63]  Robb E.S. Moss,et al.  CPT-Based Probabilistic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Initiation. , 2003 .

[64]  Ross W. Boulanger,et al.  High Overburden Stress Effects in Liquefaction Analyses , 2003 .

[65]  Kohji Tokimatsu,et al.  CPT-Based Liquefaction Field Case Histories from the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu (Kobe) Earthquake, Japan , 2003 .

[66]  Ping-Sien Lin,et al.  Simplified cone penetration test-based method for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils , 2003 .

[67]  Jonathan P. Stewart,et al.  Documentation of soil conditions at liquefaction and non-liquefaction sites from 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake , 2004 .

[68]  Armen Der Kiureghian,et al.  STANDARD PENETRATION TEST-BASED PROBABILISTIC AND DETERMINISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC SOIL LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL , 2004 .

[69]  Ross W. Boulanger,et al.  Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes , 2006 .

[70]  Robb E.S. Moss,et al.  Normalizing the CPT for Overburden Stress , 2006 .

[71]  J. Bray,et al.  Liquefaction Susceptibility of Fine-Grained Soils , 2022 .