Publisher Summary This chapter presents several measures that need to be taken to avoid vibration problems, focuses on troubleshooting excessive vibration, and introduces vibration analysis and noise analysis. It is required to adequately balance all rotating components of diameter equal to at least one-third of the pump impeller diameter to avoid vibration problems. The entire rotor system should be check-balanced in the assembled condition. Accurate alignment is necessary to make the centerline of the driving and driven equipment coincide as closely as possible both in concentricity and parallelism. Design piping and pump supporting structures (including floors) should have natural frequencies that are at least 25% less or 25% more than the operating range of the key excitation frequencies in the pump. Rotordynamic analysis of the pump, compressor, or fan rotating system should be performed by the manufacturer or a third-party consultant. In performing vibration troubleshooting, generalized charts for matching symptoms to possible causes could be useful for many typical or simple problems but it is recommended not to rely too heavily on such lists, especially if their initial application does not lead to an immediate resolution of the problem. Vibration test data are usually plotted in three different forms that include a Cartesian plot of vibration amplitude versus frequency, a Cartesian plot of vibration amplitude versus time, similar to a typical oscilloscope trace, and a polar plot of vibration versus time in a plane perpendicular to the shaft axis.