Correspondence analysis: A promising technique to interpret qualitative data in family business research

Qualitative research is frequently utilized in family business research. Reporting on qualitative research findings typically involves summarizing themes or approaches, or tabulating the frequency of mentions for topics, phrases or words. Correspondence analysis is a method that is seldom used in family business research but could likely facilitate improved interpretation and communication of qualitative research results. In this article we provide an overview of the method, and an example of its application to a family business research study. We believe this article will expand awareness of this little used method and provide a foundation for more clearly communicating the results of qualitative family business research projects.

[1]  M. Nordqvist,et al.  Professional Management in Family Businesses: Toward an Extended Understanding , 2008 .

[2]  John A. Davis,et al.  Bivalent Attributes of the Family Firm , 1996 .

[3]  J. Astrachan,et al.  Commentary on the Special Issue: The Emergence of a Field , 2003 .

[4]  Qualitative Research on Family Businesses: The Relevance and Usefulness of the Interpretive Approach , 2009 .

[5]  Steven T. Petra,et al.  Do outside independent directors strengthen corporate boards , 2005 .

[6]  A. Strauss,et al.  The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research aldine de gruyter , 1968 .

[7]  Cristina Bettinelli Boards of Directors in Family Firms: An Exploratory Study of Structure and Group Process , 2011 .

[8]  Sam H. Lane,et al.  Sustaining a Family Dynasty: Key Issues Facing Complex Multigenerational Business- and Investment-Owning Families , 2004 .

[9]  Jerry Kudlats Multi-Family Businesses — An Exploratory Study of Trust and Intergroup Relations , 2012 .

[10]  Johan Lambrecht Multigenerational Transition in Family Businesses: A New Explanatory Model , 2005 .

[11]  M. Hill Correspondence Analysis: A Neglected Multivariate Method , 1974 .

[12]  J. A. Edwards,et al.  Talking data : transcription and coding in discourse research , 1995 .

[13]  Karen Locke Grounded Theory in Management Research , 2000 .

[14]  R. Sorenson,et al.  Conflict Management Strategies Used by Successful Family Businesses , 1999 .

[15]  K. Eddleston,et al.  Feuding Families: When Conflict Does a Family Firm Good , 2004 .

[16]  Leif Melin,et al.  Strategic Planning Champions: Social Craftspersons, Artful Interpreters and Known Strangers , 2008 .

[17]  George R. Franke,et al.  Correspondence Analysis: Graphical Representation of Categorical Data in Marketing Research , 1986 .

[18]  L. Steier New venture creation and organization: A familial sub-narrative , 2007 .

[19]  M. Greenacre Correspondence analysis in practice , 1993 .

[20]  John L. Ward,et al.  Keeping The Family Business Healthy , 1986 .

[21]  Marko Sarstedt,et al.  Method trends and method needs: Examining methods needed for accelerating the field , 2014 .

[22]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[23]  Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries,et al.  The dynamics of family controlled firms: The good and the bad news. , 1993 .

[24]  Peter T. Coleman,et al.  The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice , 2000 .

[25]  Shaker A. Zahra,et al.  Relational and Contractual Governance in Family Firms: Effects on Strategic Decision Making , 2002 .

[26]  M. Peisach,et al.  Correspondence analysis and its application in multielemental trace analysis , 1985 .

[27]  Vincent Peters,et al.  How Qualitative Data Analysis Software may Support the Qualitative Analysis Process , 2007 .

[28]  Russell S. Winer,et al.  Constructing Joint Spaces from Pick-Any Data: A New Tool for Consumer Analysis , 1982 .

[29]  M. Greenacre,et al.  Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Related Methods , 2006 .

[30]  B. Glaser Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis: Emergence Vs. Forcing , 1992 .

[31]  W. Dyer,et al.  Integrating Professional Management into a Family Owned Business , 1989 .

[32]  Jonathan W. Ivy Higher education institution image: acorrespondence analysis approach , 2001 .

[33]  R. Clarke,et al.  Theory and Applications of Correspondence Analysis , 1985 .

[34]  John L. Ward,et al.  Growing the Family Business: Special Challenges and Best Practices , 1997 .

[35]  Earl R. Babbie,et al.  The practice of social research , 1969 .

[36]  J. Hair Multivariate data analysis , 1972 .

[37]  D. Shemwell,et al.  Graphical Representation of University Image: A Correspondence AnalysisJournal of Marketing for Higher Education , 1996 .

[38]  E. Hamilton Whose Story is it Anyway? , 2006 .

[39]  R. Gephart Qualitative Research and the Academy of Management Journal , 2004 .

[40]  Kevin G. Corley,et al.  Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research , 2013 .

[41]  Celia Brackenridge,et al.  Using Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software to Develop a Grounded Theory Project , 2004 .

[42]  L. Steier,et al.  Family Firms, Plural Forms of Governance, and the Evolving Role of Trust , 2001 .

[43]  Alfredo Vittorio De Massis,et al.  State-of-the-art of family business research , 2012 .

[44]  Michael T. Bendixen,et al.  A Practical Guide to the Use of Correspondence Analysis in Marketing Research , 1996 .