NPR: Art enhancing computer graphics

Nonphotorealistic rendering is a field in computer science in which scientists apply artistic techniques to enhance computer graphics. This paper addresses the interrogatives what, how, and why, about NPR. The discussion expands on what NPR is and what kinds of projects are being done in NPR, specifically it focuses on three issues: two large problems in NPR, simulating pen-and-ink illustration and simulating painting, and last the application of NPR to visualization. Exploring these topics thoroughly provides some specific answers to how these effects are accomplished. Throughout the paper various motivations for using NPR are revealed, including the application of NPR to visualization (as evidence of why). Our lab is interested in applying NPR techniques to visualization, so the paper concludes with some conjecture on how to verify the efficacy of this goal.

[1]  John P. Lewis,et al.  Texture synthesis for digital painting , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[2]  David S. Ebert,et al.  Volume Illustration: Nonphotorealistic Rendering of Volume Models , 2001, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[3]  Binh Pham.  Expressive brush strokes , 1991, CVGIP Graph. Model. Image Process..

[4]  Bruce Gooch,et al.  Non-photorealistic rendering , 2001 .

[5]  David Salesin,et al.  Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[6]  Victoria Interrante,et al.  Harnessing natural textures for multivariate visualization , 2000, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[7]  David Salesin,et al.  Computer-generated watercolor , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[8]  Stefan Schlechtweg,et al.  Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation , 2002 .

[9]  William V. Baxter,et al.  DAB: Interactive Haptic Painting with 3D Virtual Brushes , 2001, SIGGRAPH Courses.

[10]  David Salesin,et al.  Rendering parametric surfaces in pen and ink , 1996, SIGGRAPH.

[11]  Michio Shiraishi,et al.  Image moment-based stroke placement , 1999, SIGGRAPH '99.

[12]  Paul Haeberli,et al.  Paint by numbers: abstract image representations , 1990, SIGGRAPH.

[13]  David S. Ebert,et al.  Volume illustration: non-photorealistic rendering of volume models , 2000, Proceedings Visualization 2000. VIS 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37145).

[14]  David H. Laidlaw,et al.  Visualizing diffusion tensor images of the mouse spinal cord , 1998, Proceedings Visualization '98 (Cat. No.98CB36276).

[15]  Penny Rheingans,et al.  Probabilistic surfaces: point based primitives to show surface uncertainty , 2002, IEEE Visualization, 2002. VIS 2002..

[16]  David Salesin,et al.  Scale-dependent reproduction of pen-and-ink illustrations , 1996, SIGGRAPH.

[17]  Robert Michael Kirby,et al.  Visualizing multivalued data from 2D incompressible flows using concepts from painting , 1999, VIS '99.

[18]  David Salesin,et al.  Interactive pen-and-ink illustration , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[19]  David H. Laidlaw,et al.  Loose, Artistic "Textures" for Visualization , 2001, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[20]  Aaron Hertzmann,et al.  Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes , 1998, SIGGRAPH.

[21]  Steve Strassmann,et al.  Hairy brushes , 1986, SIGGRAPH.

[22]  Peter Shirley,et al.  Artistic Vision: painterly rendering using computer vision techniques , 2002, NPAR '02.

[23]  David S. Ebert,et al.  Non-photorealistic volume rendering using stippling techniques , 2002, IEEE Visualization, 2002. VIS 2002..

[24]  Siu Chi Hsu,et al.  Drawing and animation using skeletal strokes , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[25]  James T. Enns,et al.  Perceptually based brush strokes for nonphotorealistic visualization , 2004, TOGS.

[26]  Victor Ostromoukhov,et al.  Hatching by example: a statistical approach , 2002, NPAR '02.

[27]  Lars Erik Holmquist,et al.  Between aesthetics and utility: designing ambient information visualizations , 2003, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2003 (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8714).

[28]  Douglas DeCarlo,et al.  Abstracted painterly renderings using eye-tracking data , 2002, NPAR '02.

[29]  Adrian Secord,et al.  Weighted Voronoi stippling , 2002, NPAR '02.

[30]  David Salesin,et al.  Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[31]  David H. Laidlaw,et al.  Visualizing diffusion tensor images of the mouse spinal cord , 1998 .

[32]  David Salesin,et al.  Image Analogies , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[33]  Barbara J. Meier.  Painterly rendering for animation , 1996, SIGGRAPH.

[34]  Fabio Pellacini,et al.  Jigsaw image mosaics , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[35]  John Lansdown,et al.  Expressive rendering: a review of nonphotorealistic techniques , 1995, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[36]  Douglas DeCarlo,et al.  Stylization and abstraction of photographs , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[37]  Michio Shiraishi,et al.  An algorithm for automatic painterly rendering based on local source image approximation , 2000, NPAR '00.

[38]  Peter Litwinowicz,et al.  Processing images and video for an impressionist effect , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[39]  David England,et al.  Modelling the Texture of Paint , 1992, Comput. Graph. Forum.