A robust digital watermarking scheme for video copyright protection in the wavelet domain

This paper proposes a novel digital watermarking method for video based on a multi-resolution wavelet decomposition. The watermark used is a binary image. This watermark is embedded in the wavelet coefficients of the LH, HL and HH sub-bands of the second wavelet decomposition level by quantization. Every bit of the watermark is spread over a number of wavelet coefficients with the use of a key. The resulting watermarking scheme can be used for public watermarking applications, where the original image is not available for watermark extraction. We have tested the resilience of the watermarking algorithm against a series nine different attacks for different videos and improved the decoding BER by redundant embedding of the same watermark in different frames and by using an error correction code. Experimental results show that the embedded watermark is invisible and robust to attacks.