The age dependence of T2 relaxation times of N‐acetyl aspartate, creatine and choline in the human brain at 3 and 4T

Knowledge of the T2 age dependence is of importance for MRS clinical studies involving subject groups with a wide age range. A number of studies have focused on the age dependence of T2 values in the human brain, with rather conflicting results. The aim of this study was to analyze the age dependence of T2 values of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho) in the human brain using data acquired at 3T and 4T and to assess the influence of the macromolecule (MM) baseline handling on the obtained results.

[1]  M Bak,et al.  SIMPSON: a general simulation program for solid-state NMR spectroscopy. , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[2]  G B Matson,et al.  A detailed analysis of localized J‐difference GABA editing: theoretical and experimental study at 4 T , 2008, NMR in biomedicine.

[3]  Peter Andersen,et al.  Proton T2 relaxation study of water, N‐acetylaspartate, and creatine in human brain using Hahn and Carr‐Purcell spin echoes at 4T and 7T , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[4]  Jens Frahm,et al.  Regional Age Dependence of Human Brain Metabolites from Infancy to Adulthood as Detected by Quantitative Localized Proton MRS , 1999, Pediatric Research.

[5]  R. Gruetter,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted spectroscopy: A novel approach to determine macromolecule resonances in short‐echo time 1H‐MRS , 2010, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[6]  Peter Andersen,et al.  In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at 9.4 T: initial results. , 2010, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[7]  Roland Kreis,et al.  The need for updates of spin system parameters, illustrated for the case of γ‐aminobutyric acid , 2012, NMR in biomedicine.

[8]  Rolf Gruetter,et al.  Handling macromolecule signals in the quantification of the neurochemical profile. , 2012, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[9]  B. Mueller,et al.  Signal‐to‐noise ratio and spectral linewidth improvements between 1.5 and 7 Tesla in proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[10]  V. Carey,et al.  Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus , 2001 .

[11]  Jullie W Pan,et al.  Evaluation of cerebral gray and white matter metabolite differences by spectroscopic imaging at 4.1T , 1994, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  K. Behar,et al.  Short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of macromolecule and metabolite signal intensities in the human brain , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[13]  P. Boesiger,et al.  Age distribution and iron dependency of the T2 relaxation time in the globus pallidus and putamen , 2004, Neuroradiology.

[14]  N Roberts,et al.  A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of age-related changes in frontal lobe metabolite concentrations. , 2001, Cerebral cortex.

[15]  Rolf Gruetter,et al.  Proton T1 relaxation times of metabolites in human occipital white and gray matter at 7 T , 2013, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[16]  C Boesch,et al.  Characterization of the macromolecule baseline in localized 1H‐MR spectra of human brain , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  H. Larsson,et al.  The concentration of N-acetyl aspartate, creatine + phosphocreatine, and choline in different parts of the brain in adulthood and senium. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[18]  D L Rothman,et al.  Spectroscopic Assessment of Alterations in Macromolecule and Small-Molecule Metabolites in Human Brain After Stroke , 2001, Stroke.

[19]  A. Peters The effects of normal aging on myelin and nerve fibers: A review , 2002, Journal of neurocytology.

[20]  Uzay E. Emir,et al.  Faster Metabolite 1H Transverse Relaxation in the Elder Human Brain , 2013, PloS one.

[21]  Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg,et al.  MR spectroscopic evaluation of N-acetylaspartate's T2 relaxation time and concentration corroborates white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia , 2009, NeuroImage.

[22]  R Core Team,et al.  R: A language and environment for statistical computing. , 2014 .

[23]  Hidehiro Watanabe,et al.  Estimation of brain iron concentration in vivo using a linear relationship between regional iron and apparent transverse relaxation rate of the tissue water at 4.7T , 2009, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[24]  F. Jiru,et al.  The role of relaxation time corrections for the evaluation of long and short echo time 1H MR spectra of the hippocampus by NUMARIS and LCModel techniques , 2003, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[25]  Oded Gonen,et al.  Age dependence of regional proton metabolites T2 relaxation times in the human brain at 3 T , 2008, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[26]  Terence W Nixon,et al.  High magnetic field water and metabolite proton T1 and T2 relaxation in rat brain in vivo , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[27]  Stefan Posse,et al.  Anomalous Transverse Relaxation in 1H Spectroscopy in Human Brain at 4 Tesla , 1995, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[28]  Rolf Gruetter,et al.  Quantification of the neurochemical profile using simulated macromolecule resonances at 3 T , 2013, NMR in biomedicine.

[29]  S. Provencher Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[30]  Michael Erb,et al.  Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with metabolite nulling reveals regional differences of macromolecules in normal human brain , 2002, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[31]  Patrick R Hof,et al.  Changes in the structural complexity of the aged brain , 2007, Aging cell.

[32]  P. Renshaw,et al.  T2 relaxation time abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia , 2010, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[33]  Wolfgang Grodd,et al.  Parameterized evaluation of macromolecules and lipids in proton MR spectroscopy of brain diseases , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[34]  J. Slotboom,et al.  Quantitative 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain: Influence of composition and parameterization of the basis set in linear combination model‐fitting , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[35]  V. Govindaraju,et al.  Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain metabolites , 2000, NMR in biomedicine.

[36]  U Klose,et al.  Proton MR spectroscopy with metabolite-nulling reveals elevated macromolecules in acute multiple sclerosis. , 2001, Brain : a journal of neurology.