Esmolol may abolish volatile anesthetic-induced postconditioning by scavenging reactive oxygen species.

2008; 123:300–27 6. Bennet JA: A Study of parenthalia, with two unpublished letters of Sir Christopher Wren. Ann Sci 1973; 30:129–47 7. Bergman NA: Early intravenous anesthesia: An eyewitness account. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1990; 72:185–6 8. Frank RG Jr: John Aubrey, F.R.S., John Lydall, and science at Commonwealth Oxford. Notes Rec R Soc Lond 1973; 27:193–217 9. McKie D: The origins and foundation of the Royal Society of London. Notes Rec R Soc Lond 1960; 15:1–37

[1]  M. Riess.  The rocky road from bench to bedside: beta-blockers and anesthetic postconditioning. , 2009, Anesthesiology.

[2]  N. Roewer,et al.  Desflurane-induced Postconditioning Is Mediated by β-Adrenergic Signaling: Role of β1- and β2-Adrenergic Receptors, Protein Kinase A, and Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II , 2009, Anesthesiology.

[3]  Hugo A. Katus,et al.  The δ isoform of CaM kinase II is required for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling after pressure overload , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[4]  P. Glass,et al.  Attenuation of Isoflurane-Induced Preconditioning and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Senescent Rat Heart , 2008, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[5]  N. Roewer,et al.  Differential Role of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II in Desflurane-induced Preconditioning and Cardioprotection by Metoprolol: Metoprolol Blocks Desflurane-induced Preconditioning , 2008, Anesthesiology.

[6]  C. Creuzot-Garcher,et al.  Beneficial Effects of Myocardial Postconditioning are Associated With Reduced Oxidative Stress in a Senescent Mouse Model , 2008, Transplantation.

[7]  Y. Daaka,et al.  Agonist-stimulated reactive oxygen species formation regulates beta2-adrenergic receptor signal transduction. , 2007, Biochemical pharmacology.

[8]  Yan Gu,et al.  Downregulation of CuZn-superoxide dismutase contributes to beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated oxidative stress in the heart. , 2007, Cardiovascular research.

[9]  M. Matsuzaki,et al.  Carvedilol inhibits mitochondrial oxygen consumption and superoxide production during calcium overload in isolated heart mitochondria. , 2006, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

[10]  B. Török,et al.  Effect of the ultrashort-acting β-blocker Brevibloc on free-radical-mediated injuries during the early reperfusion state , 1991, Basic Research in Cardiology.

[11]  R. Sniecinski,et al.  Reduced Efficacy of Volatile Anesthetic Preconditioning with Advanced Age in Isolated Rat Myocardium , 2004, Anesthesiology.

[12]  R. Sudha,et al.  Effect of esmolol on oxidant status and antioxidant activity in acute myocardial infarction. , 2003, The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India.

[13]  Samhita S. Rhodes,et al.  Sevoflurane Exposure Generates Superoxide but Leads to Decreased Superoxide During Ischemia and Reperfusion in Isolated Hearts , 2003, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[14]  D. Sawyer,et al.  &bgr;-Adrenergic Receptor–Stimulated Apoptosis in Cardiac Myocytes Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species/c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase–Dependent Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway , 2003, Circulation research.

[15]  J. LaDisa,et al.  Mechanism of Preconditioning by Isoflurane in Rabbits: A Direct Role for Reactive Oxygen Species , 2002, Anesthesiology.

[16]  E. Dickson,et al.  Aging reduces the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart. , 2000, Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.

[17]  C. Guarnieri,et al.  Influence of the beta-blocker therapy on neutrophil superoxide generation and platelet aggregation in experimental myocardial ischemia and reflow. , 1995, Acta physiologica Hungarica.

[18]  E. Chapuy,et al.  Membrane stabilizing activity and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist-induced bradycardia in conscious dogs. , 1992, European journal of pharmacology.

[19]  K. Hostetler,et al.  Propranolol inhibition of the neutral phospholipases A of rat heart mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytosol. , 1987, Biochemical pharmacology.

[20]  D. Warltier,et al.  Protection of ischemic myocardium: comparison of effects of propranolol, bevantolol and N-dimethyl propranolol on infarct size following coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized dogs. , 1980, Cardiology.