Flow cytometry of fluorescent proteins.

Fluorescent proteins are now a critical tool in all areas of biomedical research. In this article, we review the techniques required to use fluorescent proteins for flow cytometry, concentrating specifically on the excitation and emission requirements for each protein, and the specific equipment required for optimal use.

[1]  R. Strack,et al.  Noncytotoxic orange and red/green derivatives of DsRed-Express2 for whole-cell labeling , 2009, BMC biotechnology.

[2]  S. Lukyanov,et al.  GFP‐like chromoproteins as a source of far‐red fluorescent proteins , 2001, FEBS letters.

[3]  R. Kalejta,et al.  Simultaneous analysis of the cyan, yellow and green fluorescent proteins by flow cytometry using single-laser excitation at 458 nm. , 1999, Cytometry.

[4]  Michael Z. Lin,et al.  Autofluorescent proteins with excitation in the optical window for intravital imaging in mammals. , 2009, Chemistry & biology.

[5]  R. Tsien,et al.  Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology , 2002, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[6]  Luciana Parisi,et al.  Biotech , 2007, Bollettino chimico farmaceutico.

[7]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[8]  Dmitriy M Chudakov,et al.  Conversion of red fluorescent protein into a bright blue probe. , 2008, Chemistry & biology.

[9]  Mark A Rizzo,et al.  An improved cyan fluorescent protein variant useful for FRET , 2004, Nature Biotechnology.

[10]  S. Lukyanov,et al.  Fluorescent proteins from nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species , 1999, Nature Biotechnology.

[11]  Vladislav V Verkhusha,et al.  New lasers for flow cytometry: filling the gaps , 2007, Nature Methods.

[12]  Bin Wu,et al.  Modern fluorescent proteins and imaging technologies to study gene expression, nuclear localization, and dynamics. , 2011, Current opinion in cell biology.

[13]  Konstantin A Lukyanov,et al.  Common pathway for the red chromophore formation in fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins. , 2004, Chemistry & biology.

[14]  Bin Wu,et al.  Monomeric red fluorescent proteins with a large Stokes shift , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[15]  D. Golde.  The stem cell. , 1991, Scientific American.

[16]  G Ulrich Nienhaus,et al.  Optimized and far-red-emitting variants of fluorescent protein eqFP611. , 2008, Chemistry & biology.

[17]  Joerg Bewersdorf,et al.  Far-red fluorescent protein excitable with red lasers for flow cytometry and superresolution STED nanoscopy. , 2010, Biophysical journal.

[18]  J. Goedhart,et al.  Bright cyan fluorescent protein variants identified by fluorescence lifetime screening , 2010, Nature Methods.

[19]  D. Seigneurin.  [Cytometry]. , 2020, Annales de Pathologie.

[20]  Patrick S Daugherty,et al.  Evolutionary optimization of fluorescent proteins for intracellular FRET , 2005, Nature Biotechnology.

[21]  Joachim Goedhart,et al.  Bright monomeric red fluorescent protein with an extended fluorescence lifetime , 2007, Nature Methods.

[22]  F. Young.  Biochemistry , 1955, The Indian Medical Gazette.

[23]  W. Telford,et al.  Four-color flow cytometric detection of retrovirally expressed red, yellow, green, and cyan fluorescent proteins. , 2001, BioTechniques.

[24]  Takeharu Nagai,et al.  Shift anticipated in DNA microarray market , 2002, Nature Biotechnology.

[25]  Mario Roederer,et al.  Increased immunofluorescence sensitivity using 532 nm laser excitation , 2007, Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology.

[26]  M. Davidson,et al.  An Improved Cerulean Fluorescent Protein with Enhanced Brightness and Reduced Reversible Photoswitching , 2011, PloS one.

[27]  S. Lukyanov,et al.  Fluorescent proteins and their applications in imaging living cells and tissues. , 2010, Physiological reviews.

[28]  R. Tsien,et al.  green fluorescent protein , 2020, Catalysis from A to Z.

[29]  Konstantin A Lukyanov,et al.  Near-infrared fluorescent proteins , 2010, Nature Methods.

[30]  Konstantin A Lukyanov,et al.  Fluorescent proteins as a toolkit for in vivo imaging. , 2005, Trends in biotechnology.

[31]  Beverly Packard,et al.  DPSS yellow‐green 561‐nm lasers for improved fluorochrome detection by flow cytometry , 2005, Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology.

[32]  R. Tsien,et al.  A monomeric red fluorescent protein , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  L. Regan,et al.  A new bright green‐emitting fluorescent protein – engineered monomeric and dimeric forms , 2010, The FEBS journal.

[34]  M. Chalfie,et al.  Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. , 1994, Science.

[35]  Nathan C Shaner,et al.  A guide to choosing fluorescent proteins , 2005, Nature Methods.

[36]  Robert E Campbell,et al.  Exploration of new chromophore structures leads to the identification of improved blue fluorescent proteins. , 2007, Biochemistry.

[37]  David J. Miller,et al.  Diversity and Evolution of Coral Fluorescent Proteins , 2008, PloS one.

[38]  R. Tsien,et al.  Evolution of new nonantibody proteins via iterative somatic hypermutation. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[39]  Vladimir Karpov,et al.  Solid state yellow and orange lasers for flow cytometry , 2008, Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology.

[40]  H. Shapiro.  Lasers for Flow Cytometry , 2004, Current protocols in cytometry.

[41]  V. Verkhusha,et al.  Advances in engineering of fluorescent proteins and photoactivatable proteins with red emission. , 2010, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology.

[42]  R. Rosenfeld.  Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[43]  M. Davidson,et al.  Advances in fluorescent protein technology , 2011, Journal of Cell Science.

[44]  M. Saraste,et al.  FEBS Lett , 2000 .

[45]  Vladimir N Uversky,et al.  Fluorescent proteins as biomarkers and biosensors: throwing color lights on molecular and cellular processes. , 2008, Current protein & peptide science.

[46]  D. Shcherbo,et al.  Bright far-red fluorescent protein for whole-body imaging , 2007, Nature Methods.

[47]  R. Tsien,et al.  Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein , 2004, Nature Biotechnology.

[48]  Marco A Mena,et al.  Blue fluorescent proteins with enhanced brightness and photostability from a structurally targeted library , 2006, Nature Biotechnology.

[49]  R Y Tsien,et al.  Understanding, improving and using green fluorescent proteins. , 1995, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[50]  W. Telford,et al.  “Rainbow” Reporters for Multispectral Marking and Lineage Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells , 2001, Stem cells.

[51]  Stefan W. Hell,et al.  A Rapidly Maturing Far-Red Derivative of DsRed-Express2 for Whole-Cell Labeling , 2009, Biochemistry.

[52]  W. Telford,et al.  Analysis of violet‐excited fluorochromes by flow cytometry using a violet laser diode , 2003, Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology.

[53]  Michael Z. Lin,et al.  Mammalian Expression of Infrared Fluorescent Proteins Engineered from a Bacterial Phytochrome , 2009, Science.

[54]  V. Verkhusha,et al.  The molecular properties and applications of Anthozoa fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins , 2004, Nature Biotechnology.

[55]  William G Telford,et al.  Green fiber lasers: An alternative to traditional DPSS green lasers for flow cytometry , 2009, Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology.

[56]  R Y Tsien,et al.  Biochemistry, mutagenesis, and oligomerization of DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from coral. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  Nathan S. Claxton,et al.  The Fluorescent Protein Color Palette , 2006, Current protocols in cell biology.

[58]  Roger Y. Tsien,et al.  Improved green fluorescence , 1995, Nature.

[59]  H. Shapiro,et al.  Violet laser diodes as light sources for cytometry. , 2001, Cytometry.

[60]  R Y Tsien,et al.  Wavelength mutations and posttranslational autoxidation of green fluorescent protein. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[61]  R. Tsien,et al.  Reducing the Environmental Sensitivity of Yellow Fluorescent Protein , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.