Efficient data gathering in distributed hybrid sensor networks using multiple mobile agents

Mobile agent based data gathering in Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN) has been a topic of significant research in recent years. In this paper, we consider a network architecture for DSN that makes use of hybrid nodes with RF and Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. It uses a cluster based approach with reduced connectivity constraint between cluster heads. Each cluster of sensor nodes (and the corresponding cluster head) will be working as an independent unit, with mobile agents such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or mobile robots used to gather the data from the cluster heads. Intra-cluster data gathering will be done using traditional RF communication. Cluster heads will also be equipped with UWB transmitters to transfer data with high rate to mobile agents. Further, we also propose a multiple mobile agent based data gathering algorithm (MMDG) that takes into account the priority of data and life time of the cluster heads. Simulation based analysis is used to show the effectiveness of algorithm in terms of time of tour, network coverage and life-time of the cluster heads.

[1]  Yves Rochat,et al.  A Tabu Search Approach for Delivering Pet Food and Flour in Switzerland , 1994 .

[2]  Srdjan Capkun,et al.  Mobility helps security in ad hoc networks , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[3]  Pramod K. Varshney,et al.  Multi-objective mobile agent routing in wireless sensor networks , 2005, 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

[4]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  Exploring sensor networks using mobile agents , 2006, AAMAS '06.

[5]  Chang-Gun Lee,et al.  Partitioning based mobile element scheduling in wireless sensor networks , 2005, 2005 Second Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2005. IEEE SECON 2005..

[6]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Controllably mobile infrastructure for low energy embedded networks , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[7]  Krishna M. Sivalingam,et al.  UWB Networks and Applications , 2005 .

[8]  S. Sitharama Iyengar,et al.  Multiresolution data integration using mobile agents in distributed sensor networks , 2001, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C.

[9]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Mobile element scheduling for efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks with dynamic deadlines , 2004, 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[10]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  Exploiting Mobility for Energy Efficient Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, Mob. Networks Appl..

[11]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[12]  Fred W. Glover,et al.  Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence , 1986, Comput. Oper. Res..

[13]  Ashutosh Sabharwal,et al.  Communication power optimization in a sensor network with a path-constrained mobile observer , 2006, TOSN.

[14]  Krishna M. Sivalingam,et al.  Data gathering in ultra wide band based wireless sensor networks using a mobile node , 2007, 2007 Fourth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems (BROADNETS '07).

[15]  David E. Goldberg,et al.  Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning , 1988 .

[16]  Krishna M. Sivalingam,et al.  A Hybrid Approach to Optimize Node Placements in Hierarchical Heterogeneous Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[17]  S. Sitharama Iyengar,et al.  On computing mobile agent routes for data fusion in distributed sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

[18]  Waylon Brunette,et al.  Data MULEs: modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks , 2003, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, 2003..

[19]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Multiple Controlled Mobile Elements (Data Mules) for Data Collection in Sensor Networks , 2005, DCOSS.

[20]  Marius M. Solomon,et al.  Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems with Time Window Constraints , 1987, Oper. Res..

[21]  Gary W. Kinney,et al.  A Hybrid Jump Search and Tabu Search Metaheuristic for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Routing Problem , 2000 .

[22]  N.S.V. Rao,et al.  Networking paradigm for distributed sensor networks , 2003, Second IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications, 2003. Proceedings.

[23]  Jiming Liu,et al.  Agent-based, energy efficient routing in sensor networks , 2004, Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2004. AAMAS 2004..