EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF STEEL CLEANLINESS REVIEW

The demand for cleaner steels increases every year. In addition to lowering non-metallic oxide inclusions and controlling their morphology, composition and size distribution, clean steel requires lowering other residual impurity elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen and even carbon [1, , and trace elements such as As, Sn, Sb, Se, Cu, Pb, and Bi. Table I lists the influence of common steel impurities on steel mechanical properties . Table I Influence of typical impurities on mechanical properties [1] Element Form Mechanical properties affected S,O Sulfide and oxide inclusions • Ductility, Charpy impact value, anisotropy • Formability (elongation, reduction of area and bendability) • Cold forgeability, drawability • Low temperature toughness • Fatigue strength Solid solution • Solid solubility (enhanced), hardenability Settled dislocation • Strain aging (enhanced), ductility and toughness (lowered) Pearlite and cementite • Dispersion (enhanced), ductility and toughness (lowered) C,N

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