Speed of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation of Pictures, Numbers and Words Affects Event-Related Potential-Based Detection Accuracy

Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can detect target images among a continuous stream of rapidly presented images, by classifying a viewer’s event related potentials (ERPs) associated with the target and non-targets images. Whilst the majority of RSVP-BCI studies to date have concentrated on the identification of a single type of image, namely <italic>pictures</italic>, here we study the capability of RSVP-BCI to detect three different target image types: <italic>pictures, numbers</italic> and <italic>words</italic>. The impact of presentation duration (speed) i.e., 100–200ms (5–10Hz), 200–300ms (3.3–5Hz) or 300–400ms (2.5–3.3Hz), is also investigated. 2-way repeated measure ANOVA on accuracies of detecting targets from non-target stimuli (ratio 1:9) measured via area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}={15}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subjects revealed a significant effect of factor Stimulus-Type (<italic>pictures, numbers, words</italic>) (F (2,28) = 7.243, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} = {0.003}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and for Stimulus-Duration (F (2,28) = 5.591, p = 0.011). Furthermore, there is an interaction between stimulus type and duration: F (4,56) = 4.419, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p} = {0.004}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The results indicate that when designing RSVP-BCI paradigms, the content of the images and the rate at which images are presented impact on the accuracy of detection and hence these parameters are key experimental variables in protocol design and applications, which apply RSVP for multimodal image datasets.