CUDA Based GPU Programming to Simulate 3D Tissue Deformation

The medical training systems based on virtual simulation are highly desired since minimally invasive surgical techniques have become popular to patients. The training system helps surgeon trainees to acquire, practice and evaluate their surgical skills, and the key component of such a system is to simulate the dynamic procedure such as 3D biological tissue deformation in surgical operation. In our paper, an improved mass-spring model is proposed to represent the biological tissue surface, during which the virtual spring is introduced and utilized to help compensate the weakness of the conventional mass-spring model. Then Verlet integration is adopted to calculate the position of mass points during the deformation process without explicit computation of the velocity values. Finally the bilinear interpolation method is employed to generate one smooth mesh to render the deformed tissue surface. To speed up the simulation performance for surgical tissue deformation, CUDA based GPU computing is adopted, while related data structures and algorithm are designed and implemented for the parallel computation. Our proposed method has been tested by experiments and it has the ability to generate realistic biological tissue deformation images in real time.

[1]  Jeff Lander,et al.  Devil in the Blue Faceted Dress: Real-time Cloth Animation , 1999 .

[2]  John D. Owens,et al.  General Purpose Computation on Graphics Hardware , 2005, IEEE Visualization.

[3]  Lukas Mroz,et al.  Advanced virtual endoscopic pituitary surgery , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[4]  Helen C. Shen,et al.  Computer modeling, analysis, and synthesis of dressed humans , 1999, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[5]  Barry R. Masters,et al.  Digital Image Processing, Third Edition , 2009 .

[6]  Jerry Weil,et al.  The synthesis of cloth objects , 1986, SIGGRAPH.

[7]  William R. Mark,et al.  Cg: a system for programming graphics hardware in a C-like language , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[8]  Alan Liu,et al.  A Survey of Surgical Simulation: Applications, Technology, and Education , 2003, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[9]  M. Srinivasan,et al.  Simulation of tissue cutting and bleeding for laparoscopic surgery using auxiliary surfaces. , 1999, Studies in health technology and informatics.

[10]  U. Ku,et al.  Endoscopic surgery training using virtual reality and deformable tissue simulation , 2000 .

[11]  Stefan Wesarg,et al.  VR-Based Simulators for Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery , 2007, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[12]  Xavier Provot,et al.  Deformation Constraints in a Mass-Spring Model to Describe Rigid Cloth Behavior , 1995 .

[13]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[14]  Uwe G. Kühnapfel,et al.  Endoscopic surgery training using virtual reality and deformable tissue simulation , 2000, Computers & graphics.

[15]  Daniel Thalmann,et al.  An evolving system for simulating clothes on virtual actors , 1996, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[16]  S. Gray,et al.  In virtual fashion , 1998 .