Cell death in embryogenesis

Cell death is a paradox of development which is usually considered to be a process of growth and diversification. Why should an embryo destroy its resources of energy, nutrition and information? Nevertheless, it is now clear that substantial cell death is a normal part of embryonic development (reviewed in Saunders, 1966; Saunders and Fallon, 1967), and its frequent incidence is charted by Glucksmann (1951). Glucksmann distinguishes three types of cell death in development: (i) moiphogenetic, involved in alterations in form, (ii) histogenetic, involved in tissue or organ differentiation and (iii) phylogenetic, removing larval and vestigial structures. In fact, these categories overlap, and the mechanisms of cell death do not appear to differ according to category. The process of rudimentation — organ or tissue regression (whether phylogenetic or morphogenetic) and its control — has recently been extensively reviewed in a congress report (Raynaud, 1977a).

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