Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis induced by biocontrol bacteria is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene expression.

Systemic acquired resistance is a pathogen-inducible defense mechanism in plants. The resistant state is dependent on endogenous accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and is characterized by the activation of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Recently, selected nonpathogenic, root-colonizing biocontrol bacteria have been shown to trigger a systemic resistance response as well. To study the molecular basis underlying this type of systemic resistance, we developed an Arabidopsis-based model system using Fusarium oxysporum f sp raphani and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato as challenging pathogens. Colonization of the rhizosphere by the biological control strain WCS417r of P. fluorescens resulted in a plant-mediated resistance response that significantly reduced symptoms elicited by both challenging pathogens. Moreover, growth of P. syringae in infected leaves was strongly inhibited in P. fluorescens WCS417r-treated plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis NahG plants, unable to accumulate SA, and wild-type plants were equally responsive to P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated induction of resistance. Furthermore, P. fluorescens WCS417r-mediated systemic resistance did not coincide with the accumulation of PR mRNAs before challenge inoculation. These results indicate that P. fluorescens WCS417r induces a pathway different from the one that controls classic systemic acquired resistance and that this pathway leads to a form of systemic resistance independent of SA accumulation and PR gene expression.

[1]  J. M. Dow,et al.  Lipopolysaccharide from Xanthomonas campestris induces defense-related gene expression in Brassica campestris. , 1995, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[2]  J. Ryals,et al.  Arabidopsis signal transduction mutant defective in chemically and biologically induced disease resistance. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Induced systemic resistance in radish is not associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins , 1995 .

[4]  P. Bakker,et al.  Induction of systemic resistance against fusarium wilt of radish by lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas fluorescens , 1995 .

[5]  J. Kloepper,et al.  Induction of systemic resistance in cucumber against bacterial angular leaf spot by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria , 1995 .

[6]  J. Ryals,et al.  2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid-induced resistance to pathogens without the accumulation of salicylic acid , 1995 .

[7]  D. Klessig,et al.  A mutation in Arabidopsis that leads to constitutive expression of systemic acquired resistance. , 1994, The Plant cell.

[8]  E. Ward,et al.  A Central Role of Salicylic Acid in Plant Disease Resistance , 1994, Science.

[9]  Xinnian Dong,et al.  Characterization of an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Nonresponsive to Inducers of Systemic Acquired Resistance. , 1994, The Plant cell.

[10]  T. Paulitz,et al.  Induced resistance in the biocontrol of Pythium aphanidermatum by Pseudomonas spp. on cucumber , 1994 .

[11]  E. Ward,et al.  Salicylic Acid Is Not the Translocated Signal Responsible for Inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance but Is Required in Signal Transduction. , 1994, The Plant cell.

[12]  R. Dixon,et al.  Biologically induced systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana , 1994 .

[13]  P. Hasegawa,et al.  Osmotin overexpression in potato delays development of disease symptoms. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  G. Défago,et al.  Induction of systemic resistance of tobacco to tobacco necrosis virus by the root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0: influence of the gacA gene and of pyoverdine production. , 1994 .

[15]  B. Mauch-Mani,et al.  Systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana induced by a predisposing infection with a pathogenic isolate of Fusarium oxysporum , 1994 .

[16]  Leslie Friedrich,et al.  Requirement of Salicylic Acid for the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance , 1993, Science.

[17]  E. Ward,et al.  Increased tolerance to two oomycete pathogens in transgenic tobacco expressing pathogenesis-related protein 1a. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  Leslie Friedrich,et al.  Biological induction of systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis , 1993 .

[19]  D. Klessig,et al.  Salicylic acid and plant disease resistance , 1992 .

[20]  S. Potter,et al.  Acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. , 1992, The Plant cell.

[21]  Joseph W. Kloepper,et al.  Proposed definitions related to induced disease resistance , 1992 .

[22]  J. Kloepper,et al.  Rhizosphere Population Dynamics and Internal Colonization of Cucumber by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria which Induce Systemic Resistance to Colletotrichum Orbiculare , 1992 .

[23]  B. Schippers.  Prospects for Management of Natural Suppresiveness to Control Soilborne Pathogens , 1992 .

[24]  R. Cressman,et al.  Transgenic Plants with Enhanced Resistance to the Fungal Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani , 1991, Science.

[25]  J. A. Ryals,et al.  Coordinate Gene Activity in Response to Agents That Induce Systemic Acquired Resistance. , 1991, The Plant cell.

[26]  A. Squartini,et al.  Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide modulates infection thread development in white clover root hairs , 1991, Journal of bacteriology.

[27]  W. K. Roberts,et al.  A new family of plant antifungal proteins. , 1991, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[28]  C. Woloshuk,et al.  Pathogen-induced proteins with inhibitory activity toward Phytophthora infestans. , 1991, The Plant cell.

[29]  A. Bent,et al.  Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens of Arabidopsis and a bacterial locus determining avirulence on both Arabidopsis and soybean. , 1991, The Plant cell.

[30]  F. Ausubel,et al.  Induction of Arabidopsis defense genes by virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains and by a cloned avirulence gene. , 1991, The Plant cell.

[31]  R. Peer,et al.  Induced resistance and phytoalexin accumulation in biological control of Fusarium wilt of carnation by Pseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r , 1991 .

[32]  S. Alström.  INDUCTION OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN SUSCEPTIBLE TO HALO BLIGHT BACTERIAL PATHOGEN AFTER SEED BACTERIZATION WITH RHIZOSPHERE PSEUDOMONADS , 1991 .

[33]  G. Wei.  Induction of systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum orbiculare by select strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria , 1991 .

[34]  D F Klessig,et al.  Salicylic Acid: A Likely Endogenous Signal in the Resistance Response of Tobacco to Viral Infection , 1990, Science.

[35]  H. Signer,et al.  Increase in Salicylic Acid at the Onset of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Cucumber , 1990, Science.

[36]  R. Peer,et al.  Plant growth responses to bacterization with selected Pseudomonas spp. strains and rhizosphere microbial development in hydroponic cultures , 1989 .

[37]  J. Krauss,et al.  Bacterial lipopolysaccharides , 1989 .

[38]  T. Boller,et al.  Antifungal Hydrolases in Pea Tissue : II. Inhibition of Fungal Growth by Combinations of Chitinase and beta-1,3-Glucanase. , 1988, Plant physiology.

[39]  B. Staskawicz,et al.  Cloned avirulence gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria complements spontaneous race-change mutants , 1988 .

[40]  W. K. Roberts,et al.  PLANT AND BACTERIAL CHITINASES DIFFER IN ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY , 1988 .

[41]  L. Willmitzer,et al.  Improved method for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues. , 1987, Analytical biochemistry.

[42]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[43]  B. Schippers,et al.  Selection of Antagonistic Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and their Root Colonization and Persistence following Treatment of Seed Potatoes , 1983 .

[44]  A. Feinberg,et al.  A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. , 1983, Analytical biochemistry.

[45]  J. Kuc.  Induced Immunity to Plant Disease , 1982 .

[46]  R. F. White.  Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco. , 1979, Virology.

[47]  P. Pupillo,et al.  The inhibition of susceptible and hypersensitive reactions by protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes from phytopathogenic pseudomonads: relationship to polysaccharide antigenic determinants , 1979 .

[48]  T. Huang,et al.  Bacterial lipopolysaccharides as inducers of disease resistance in tobacco , 1977, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[49]  A. Ross,et al.  Localized acquired resistance to plant virus infection in hypersensitive hosts. , 1961, Virology.

[50]  A. Ross.  Systemic acquired resistance induced by localized virus infections in plants. , 1961, Virology.

[51]  King Eo,et al.  Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. , 1954 .

[52]  E. King,et al.  Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. , 1954, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[53]  D. R. Hoagland,et al.  The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil , 2018 .