New data on the nature and origin of colour polymorphism in the spittlebug genus Philaenus (Hemiptera: Aphorophoridae)

Abstract In Mediterranean populations of Philaenus colour polymorphism is maintained mainly by selection taking place during the long aestivation period, when adults are forced to migrate from their oviposition and larval hosts to other plants. Melanic morphs are more frequent in the south and also non-melanic morphs of P. spumarius are more strongly pigmented in the Mediterranean than in more northern populations. Industrial melanism is not indicated. Colour polymorphism is correlated with the phylogenetic relationships of the species. The possible origin of polymorphism is discussed in comparison to the theory of Halkka & Halkka (1990). Suggestions are made about the geographic area where further studies on the polymorphism should be focused.

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