Synchronization of two assembly processes to build responsive DNA nanostructures.

Herein, we report a strategy for the synchronization of two self-assembly processes to assemble stimulus-responsive DNA nanostructures under isothermal conditions. We hypothesized that two independent assembly processes, when brought into proximity in space, could be synchronized and would exhibit positive synergy. To demonstrate this strategy, we assembled a ladderlike DNA nanostructure and a ringlike DNA nanostructure through two hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) and an HCR in combination with T-junction cohesion, respectively. Such proximity-induced synchronization adds a new element to the tool box of DNA nanotechnology. We believe that it will be a useful approach for the assembly of complex and responsive nanostructures.

[1]  F. Simmel,et al.  Isothermal assembly of DNA origami structures using denaturing agents. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[2]  T. G. Martin,et al.  Rapid Folding of DNA into Nanoscale Shapes at Constant Temperature , 2012, Science.

[3]  N. Seeman.  Nanomaterials based on DNA. , 2010, Annual review of biochemistry.

[4]  Erik Winfree,et al.  Integrating DNA strand-displacement circuitry with DNA tile self-assembly , 2013, Nature Communications.

[5]  Le A. Trinh,et al.  Programmable in situ amplification for multiplexed imaging of mRNA expression , 2010, Nature Biotechnology.

[6]  Chengde Mao,et al.  DNA polyhedra with T-linkage. , 2012, ACS nano.

[7]  Kemin Wang,et al.  Pyrene-excimer probes based on the hybridization chain reaction for the detection of nucleic acids in complex biological fluids. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[8]  Robert M. Dirks,et al.  Triggered amplification by hybridization chain reaction. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  W. Tan,et al.  Building fluorescent DNA nanodevices on target living cell surfaces. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[10]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Amplified analysis of DNA by the autonomous assembly of polymers consisting of DNAzyme wires. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[11]  P. Rothemund.  Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns , 2006, Nature.

[12]  S. Murata,et al.  Size-controllable DNA rings with copper-ion modification. , 2012, Small.

[13]  Thomas D Pollard,et al.  Cellular Motility Driven by Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments , 2003, Cell.

[14]  Peng Yin,et al.  Developmental Self-Assembly of a DNA Tetrahedron , 2014, ACS nano.

[15]  Hao Yan,et al.  Challenges and opportunities for structural DNA nanotechnology. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[16]  C. Mao,et al.  Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra , 2008, Nature.

[17]  Harry M. T. Choi,et al.  Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways , 2008, Nature.

[18]  S. Murata,et al.  Substrate-assisted assembly of interconnected single-duplex DNA nanostructures. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[19]  Faisal A. Aldaye,et al.  Organization of Intracellular Reactions with Rationally Designed RNA Assemblies , 2011, Science.