Intelligent, smart and scalable cyber-physical systems

The integration of human physical processes with the computation has created a new paradigm called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The CPSs control the physical processes by utilizing the computational intelligence to acquire the deep knowledge of the monitored environment. Hence the CPSs are designed to be intelligent to provide highly accurate decisions and appropriate actions promptly. The rapidly growing interconnections between the virtual and physical worlds and the development of new intelligent techniques have created new opportunities for the research for next-generation CPS, that is intelligent cyber-physical systems (iCPS). The iCPS are large-scale software intensive and pervasive systems, which by combining various data sources (both from physical objects and virtual components) and applying intelligence techniques, can efficiently manage real-world processes and offers a broad range of novel applications and services. By equipping physical objects with interfaces to the virtual world, and incorporating intelligent mechanisms to leverage collaboration between these objects, the boundaries between the physical and virtual worlds become blurred. Interactions occurring in the physical world are capable of changing the processinga behavior in the virtual world, in a causal relationship