Dynamic grid deformation using Navier-displacement equation for deforming wings

For dynamic and aeroelastic a pplications of maneuveriny wings, the solid boundaries undergo rigid-body motion and aeroelastic deformation. For rigid-body motion, the conservative fluid dynamics equation, in terms of the Eulerian description, are written in terms of a moving frame of reference, and the problem is solved on a time-independent body-conformed grid. For both rigid-body motion and aeroelastic deformation, the Navier-displacem ent e quation, in terms of the Lagrangian coordinates, is modified for fluidflow problems. It is used along with the Eul eri an description of the conservative fl uid dynamics equations to account for the grid deformation.