MACRO+: a network coding driven integrated MAC/routing protocol for multihop wireless networks

Most next generation mobile terminals will be equipped with location computation facilities, e.g., GPS cards, which can be extremely useful to the purpose of routing in mobile multihop wireless networks. In fact, if nodes are aware of their own location, then geographical routing algorithms can be applied which do not require signaling and thus, are very efficient in high mobility scenarios. In this context, MACRO is an integrated MAC/routing protocol that achieves high energy efficiency in wireless multihop communications. The basic concept underlying MACRO is that when a node forwards a data packet, all other nodes in the radio coverage evaluate their goodness in forwarding the packet towards the destination. The best a node is to this purpose, the sooner it will try to take the responsibility of relaying the packet. The basic concepts of MACRO are revised in this paper to allow the exploitation of network coding which can further improve energy efficiency. The resulting routing scheme, called MACRO+, is assessed through analysis.

[1]  Jörg Widmer,et al.  Network coding: an instant primer , 2006, CCRV.

[2]  Laura Galluccio,et al.  MACRO: an integrated MAC/routing protocol for geographic forwarding in wireless sensor networks , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[3]  Rudolf Ahlswede,et al.  Network information flow , 2000, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[4]  Sudipta Sengupta,et al.  An Analysis of Wireless Network Coding for Unicast Sessions: The Case for Coding-Aware Routing , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[5]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[6]  Laura Galluccio,et al.  A trade-off between energy consumption reduction and responsiveness in information delivery for delay-tolerant sensor networks with mobile sink , 2006, IWCMC '06.

[7]  Jörg Widmer,et al.  A Network Coding Approach to Energy Efficient Broadcasting: From Theory to Practice , 2006, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[8]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  Energy-efficient forwarding strategies for geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[9]  Muriel Medard,et al.  XORs in the air: practical wireless network coding , 2006, SIGCOMM 2006.

[10]  A. Bruce McDonald,et al.  GCRP: geographic virtual circuit routing protocol for ad hoc networks , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04EX975).

[11]  Myung J. Lee,et al.  A new taxonomy of routing algorithms for wireless mobile ad hoc networks: the component approach , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[12]  Christina Fragouli,et al.  On average throughput and alphabet size in network coding , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[13]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Geographic routing without location information , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[14]  Sachin Katti,et al.  The Importance of Being Opportunistic: Practical Network Coding for Wireless Environments , 2005 .

[15]  Michele Zorzi,et al.  Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Multihop Performance , 2003, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput..