Chemistry of precipitation, streamwater, and lakewater from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: a record of sampling protocols and analytical procedures

The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES), begun in 1963, is a long-term effort to understand the structure, function and change in forest watersheds and associated aquatic ecosystems at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Chemical analyses of streamwater and precipitation collections began in 1963, and analyses of lakewater collections began in 1967. This publication documents these collection methods, sites, and analytical techniques, providing a complete record to ensure the integrity of HBES data.

[1]  C. Driscoll,et al.  Longitudinal patterns of concentration-discharge relationships in stream water draining the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire , 1990 .

[2]  R. Stauffer Electrode pH error, seasonal epilimnetic pCO2, and the recent acidification of the maine lakes , 1990 .

[3]  Philip M. Dixon,et al.  ESTIMATING MEAN AND VARIANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES WITH BELOW DETECTION LIMIT OBSERVATIONS , 1989 .

[4]  G. Cauwet Automatic determination of dissolved organic carbon in seawater in the sub-ppm range , 1984 .

[5]  C. W. Martin,et al.  Logging in New England Need Not Cause Sedimentation of Streams , 1994 .

[6]  G. Likens,et al.  An organic carbon budget for an oligotrophic lake in New Hampshire, U.S.A.: With 3 figures and 3 tables in the text , 1975 .

[7]  C. Shoemaker,et al.  Aluminum Mobilization in an Acidic Headwater Stream: Temporal Variation and Mineral Dissolution Disequilibria , 1985, Science.

[8]  W. C. Bauman,et al.  Novel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric detection , 1975 .

[9]  W. McDowell,et al.  Simplified Version of the Ampoule–Persulfate Method for Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon , 1987 .

[10]  W. A. Dick,et al.  Simultaneous Determination of Nitrate, Chloride, Sulfate, and Phosphate in Natural Waters by Ion Chromatography , 1983 .

[11]  W. McDowell,et al.  Origin, Composition, and Flux of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Hubbard Brook Valley , 1988 .

[12]  F. H. Rainwater,et al.  Methods for collection and analysis of water samples , 1960 .

[13]  W. McDowell,et al.  ‘Acid rain’, dissolved aluminum and chemical weathering at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire , 1981 .

[14]  R. Hesslein,et al.  Determination of hydrogen ion concentration in softwater lakes using carbon dioxide equilibria , 1984 .

[15]  T. Parsons,et al.  A practical handbook of seawater analysis , 1968 .

[16]  Gene E. Likens,et al.  An Ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology: Mirror Lake and its environment , 1985 .

[17]  J. E. Douglass,et al.  Improved methylthymol blue procedure for automated sulfate determinations , 1974 .

[18]  G. Likens,et al.  Rate of chemical weathering of silicate minerals in New Hampshire , 1968 .

[19]  James H. Cowan,et al.  The ecosystem approach: Its use and abuse , 1993 .

[20]  Gene E. Likens,et al.  Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem , 1978, Springer New York.

[21]  T. C. Winter,et al.  EVALUATION OF INFLOW TO MIRROR LAKE, NEW HAMPSHIRE , 1989 .

[22]  W. McDowell,et al.  A High‐Temperature Catalytic Oxidation Technique for Determining Total Dissolved Nitrogen , 1996 .

[23]  C. Driscoll,et al.  Comparison between pyrocatechol violet and 8-hydroxyquinoline procedures for determining aluminum fractions , 1992 .

[24]  G. Likens,et al.  Transport and Transformation of Phosphorus in a Forest Stream Ecosystem , 1979 .

[25]  G. Likens,et al.  OUTPUT OF PHOSPHORUS, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON, AND FINE PARTICULATE CARBON FROM HUBBARD BROOK WATERSHEDS1 , 1973 .

[26]  Norman E. Peters,et al.  Specific conductance; theoretical considerations and application to analytical quality control , 1988 .

[27]  Barry G. Oliver,et al.  The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters , 1983 .

[28]  M. Stainton A Syringe Gas-Stripping Procedure for Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon in Fresh Water and Carbonates in Sediments , 1973 .

[29]  G. Kling,et al.  Carbon Dioxide Supersaturation in the Surface Waters of Lakes , 1994, Science.

[30]  G. Likens,et al.  A Working Model for the Variation in Stream Water Chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire , 1969 .

[31]  J. Hornbeck Storm flow from hardwood‐forested and cleared watersheds in New Hampshire , 1973 .

[32]  G. Likens,et al.  Acid precipitation: Measurement of pH and acidity1 , 1979 .

[33]  C. Driscoll,et al.  Spatial relationships of aluminum chemistry in the streams of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire , 1986 .

[34]  S. A. Hannah,et al.  Automated analysis for nitrate by hydrazine reduction , 1967 .

[35]  G. Likens,et al.  A field experiment to test whether organic acids buffer acid deposition , 1990, Nature.

[36]  G. Likens,et al.  Use of membrane filters in gravimetric analyses of particulate matter in natural waters , 1969 .

[37]  R. B. Barnes The determination of specific forms of aluminum in natural water , 1975 .

[38]  G. Gran Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II , 1952 .

[39]  G. Likens,et al.  The composition and deposition of organic carbon in Precipitation , 1983 .

[40]  Walter Slavin,et al.  Atomic absorption spectroscopy , 1968 .

[41]  D. Zall,et al.  Photometric determination of chlorides in water. , 1956 .

[42]  A. Lazrus,et al.  New Automated Microanalyses for Total Inorganic Fixed Nitrogen and for Sulfate Ion in Water , 1968 .

[43]  C. Driscoll A Procedure for the Fractionation of Aqueous Aluminum in Dilute Acidic Waters , 1984 .

[44]  L. Danielsson,et al.  Aluminium speciation: Variations caused by the choice of analytical method and by sample storage , 1994 .

[45]  J. D. Burton,et al.  THE REACTIVITY OF DISSOLVED SILICON IN SOME NATURAL WATERS , 1970 .

[46]  P. A. Villarruz,et al.  Suggested Method for Turbidimetric Determination of Sulfate in Water , 1961 .

[47]  C. Driscoll,et al.  Aluminum chemistry downstream of a whole-tree-harvested watershed , 1988 .

[48]  W. McDowell,et al.  Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England , 2000 .

[49]  D. Menzel,et al.  The Measurement of Dissolved Organic and Particulate Carbon in SEAWATER1 , 1964 .

[50]  D. Fisher,et al.  Chemical composition of rainfall, eastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia , 1966 .

[51]  J. E. Longbottom,et al.  Determination of sulphate by automatic colorimetric analysis. , 1968, The Analyst.

[52]  G. Likens,et al.  Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. , 1979 .

[53]  Juan J. Armesto,et al.  Patterns of Nutrient Loss from Unpolluted, Old‐Growth Temperate Forests: Evaluation of Biogeochemical Theory , 1995 .

[54]  S. Goldberg,et al.  Chemical equilibrium and reaction models , 1995 .

[55]  W. McDowell,et al.  Sources and molecular weight of "dissolved" organic carbon in an oligotrophic lake , 1984 .

[56]  G. Likens,et al.  Measurements of mineralization of phytoplankton detritus in an oligotrophic lake1 , 1979 .

[57]  G. Likens,et al.  Acid Precipitation in the Northeastern United States: pH and Acidity , 1976, Science.

[58]  D. E. Erdmann,et al.  Methods for analysis of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments , 1978 .

[59]  G. Likens,et al.  Comparison of Long-Term Precipitation Chemistry Measurements at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire , 2000 .

[60]  G. Likens,et al.  Atmospheric Contributions to Water Quality of Streams in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire , 1968 .

[61]  M. Fishman,et al.  Methods for analysis of selected metals in water by atomic absorption , 1966 .

[62]  G. Likens,et al.  The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook , 1998 .

[63]  J. P. Riley,et al.  The automatic determination of nitrate in sea water , 1965 .

[64]  G. Likens,et al.  The Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium Budgets for a Small Forested Ecosystem. , 1967, Ecology.

[65]  G. Likens,et al.  The Export of Nutrients and Recovery of Stable Conditions Following Deforestation at Hubbard Brook , 1974 .

[66]  T. C. Winter,et al.  A Comparison of Methods for Deriving Solute Flux Rates Using Long-Term Data from Streams in the Mirror Lake Watershed , 1998 .

[67]  J. P. Riley,et al.  A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters , 1962 .

[68]  W. Michael Kemp,et al.  The ecosystem approach: Its use and abuse : Gene E. Likens. Excellence in Ecology, Vol. 3, Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany, 1992, 166 pp., US $33.50, DM 59.00, ISSN 0932 2205 , 1995 .

[69]  Iwaji Iwasaki,et al.  New Colorimetric Determination of Chloride using Mercuric Thiocyanate and Ferric Ion , 1952 .

[70]  S. Gherini,et al.  Influence of organic acids on the pH and acid‐neutralizing capacity of Adirondack Lakes , 1993 .

[71]  N. Johnson,et al.  Cycling of chlorine through a forested watershed in New England , 1967 .

[72]  L. L. Medsker,et al.  Brucine Method for the Determination of Nitrate in Ocean, Estuarine, and Fresh Waters. , 1964 .