Critical Earthquake Loads for SDOF Inelastic Structures Considering Evolution of Seismic Waves

The damage of structures induced by earthquake ground motions depends primarily on three parameters: (1) the characteristics of earthquake source properties and ground motions (magnitude, epicentral distance, duration, frequency content, amplitude and local soil type), (2) the properties of the structure (natural frequencies, mode shapes, damping properties, material of construction, structural system and ductility capacity), and (3) how close the structure’s fundamental natural frequency to the dominant frequency of the ground motion. The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake has demonstrated these facts clearly. In general, the ground motion characteristics involve large inherent uncertainties and cannot be controlled while the structure’s properties have smaller variability and can be managed to some extent in general. For instance, the material and members of construction can be selected and the seismic-resistance of the structure can be improved to fairly high levels through member detailing for enhancement of ductility capacity.

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