Etiologies, risk factors and outcomes of dental pulp necrosis

Dental pulp necrosis is referred to the situation in which the teeth biologically die due to bacterial infection or without bacterial infection. Dental pulp necrosis can be due to a chronic progression of pulpitis, in which the tissue of soft pulp in the tooth dies due to several causes such as trauma or severe bacterial infection. Untreated cavities, multiple invasive treatments for the tooth, and pathological ischemia for dental pulp are among the most common causes for the necrosis process. Usually, the first symptom of dental pulp necrosis is the irritant pain in the tooth only or the surrounding area because of the inflammation. The grade of pain ranges from mild, moderate, to severe pain according to the size of the damage, followed by swelling and discomfort in chewing due to the pressure on the nerve root at the base of the tooth. We aim to review the different etiologies, risk factors, correlations, and clinical outcomes associated with pulp necrosis. To our knowledge, this article is going to be the first comprehensive review of dental pulp necrosis.

[1]  M. Tripathi,et al.  Please spare my teeth! Dental procedures and trigeminal neuralgia , 2020, Surgical neurology international.

[2]  M. Del Fabbro,et al.  Does the Etiology of Pulp Necrosis Affect Regenerative Endodontic Treatment Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. , 2020, The journal of evidence-based dental practice.

[3]  Y. Ducic,et al.  Dental Injuries and Management , 2019, Facial Plastic Surgery.

[4]  H. Duncan,et al.  Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. , 2019, International endodontic journal.

[5]  Shikha Mishra,et al.  Assessing Inflammatory Status of Pulp in Irreversible Pulpitis Cases with Pulse oximeter and Dental Hemogram. , 2019, The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry.

[6]  Á. Nagy,et al.  [Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the most common bacterial diseases of the oral cavity]. , 2019, Orvosi hetilap.

[7]  H. Demirturk Kocasarac,et al.  MRI for Dental Applications. , 2018, Dental clinics of North America.

[8]  Zhihui Feng,et al.  METTL3 regulates alternative splicing of MyD88 upon the lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in human dental pulp cells , 2018, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[9]  Louis M. Lin,et al.  An Evidence‐based Review of the Efficacy of Treatment Approaches for Immature Permanent Teeth with Pulp Necrosis , 2017, Journal of endodontics.

[10]  N. Fiehn,et al.  Dental biofilm infections – an update , 2017, APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica.

[11]  I. Cho,et al.  Allogeneic Blood Transfusion Is a Significant Risk Factor for Surgical-Site Infection Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis. , 2017, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[12]  J. Nakamura,et al.  Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells suppressed inflammation in sciatic nerves by promoting macrophage polarization towards anti‐inflammation phenotypes and ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy , 2015, Journal of diabetes investigation.

[13]  J. F. Siqueira,et al.  Correlation between clinical and histologic pulp diagnoses. , 2014, Journal of endodontics.

[14]  J. Antunes,et al.  Predictive factors for pulp necrosis in traumatized primary incisors: a longitudinal study. , 2013, International journal of paediatric dentistry.

[15]  O. Franco,et al.  Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory pulpal and periapical disease: a review. , 2013, International endodontic journal.

[16]  Mary Dabuleanu.  Pulpitis (reversible/irreversible). , 2013, Journal.

[17]  M. Hakeberg,et al.  Diagnosis of the condition of the dental pulp: a systematic review. , 2012, International endodontic journal.

[18]  P V Abbott,et al.  A clinical classification of the status of the pulp and the root canal system. , 2007, Australian dental journal.

[19]  P. Abbott,et al.  An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injury. , 2007, Australian dental journal.

[20]  J. López-Marcos.  Aetiology, classification and pathogenesis of pulp and periapical disease. , 2004, Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal.

[21]  B. Jeansonne,et al.  beta-Hemolytic streptococci and other beta-hemolytic organisms in apical periodontitis and severe marginal periodontitis. , 1999, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[22]  K Petersson,et al.  Evaluation of the ability of thermal and electrical tests to register pulp vitality. , 1999, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[23]  M. Sindou,et al.  [Functional anatomy of the trigeminal nerve]. , 1983, Journal francais d'oto-rhino-laryngologie; audiophonologie, chirurgie maxillo-faciale.

[24]  I. Jacobsen.  Criteria for diagnosis of pulp necrosis in traumatized permanent incisors. , 1980, Scandinavian journal of dental research.