Considerable discrepancies among HPC, ATP, and FCM detection methods in evaluating the disinfection efficiency of Gram-positive and -negative bacterium by ultraviolet radiation and chlorination

AbstractUp to now, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) and chlorine disinfection on microbes have been evaluated by heterotrophic plate counting (HPC). Recently, with the application of flow cytometry (FCM) in aquatic environment, it is used to analyze the membrane integrity, DNA damage and enzymatic activity of bacteria. The present work investigated the disinfection efficacy of UV-C and chlorine on E. coli (Gram negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive) and compared the detection methods for disinfection efficacy with HPC, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and FCM. The results show that there are considerable discrepancies among HPC, ATP, and FCM detection for E. coli and B. subtilis when disinfected by UV and chlorine. Specifically, the bacterium was sharply inactivated when evaluated by HPC, whereas the more gentle inactivation trend was observed when detected by ATP and FCM during both UV and chlorine disinfections for E. coli. In addition, for B. subtilis disinfection, the results between ATP and HPC ...

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