How to improve the conceptual design of tubular structures

In the last decades, considerable evidence became available with regard to the behaviour of tubular joints. With the design rules and guidance now available, it could be expected that the joints would now be properly considered in the conceptual design to avoid problems in the detailed design. However, still problems can be observed with regard to modelling or the joints have not been properly considered in the conceptual design resulting in additional strengthening afterwards. Examples also show that designers or checking authorities do not always understand the special behaviour of hollow section joints. This paper shows some examples of designs with problems which are still relevant and the way the problems were solved. It evaluates how to reduce such problems by providing even more simpler guidance. Furthermore, consideration is given to aspects which have to be considered in more detail and which require further research.