A spatial assessment of ecosystem services in Europe: methods, case studies and policy analysis - phase 2 [full report]

Mainstreaming ecosystem services in EU decision making processes requires a solid conceptual and methodological framework for mapping and assessing ecosystem services that serve the multiple objectives addressed by policies. The PRESS-2 study (PEER Research on EcoSystem Services – Phase 2) provides such an analytical framework which enables the operationalization of the present scientific knowledge base of environmental data and models for application by the EU and Member States for mapping and assessment of ecosystem services. This study is structured along three strands of work: policy and scenario analysis, mapping and valuation. Linking maps of ecosystem services supply to monetary valuation allows an analysis of the expected impact of policy measures on benefits derived from ecosystem services.

[1]  Grazia Zulian,et al.  Synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem service supply, biodiversity, and habitat conservation status in Europe , 2012 .

[2]  A. Hastings,et al.  Land‐use change to bioenergy production in Europe: implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon , 2012 .

[3]  G. Daily,et al.  Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity , 2012, Nature.

[4]  B. Grizzetti,et al.  Spatially explicit monetary valuation of water purification services in the Mediterranean bio-geographical region , 2012 .

[5]  Erich Tasser,et al.  Distance to nature—A new biodiversity relevant environmental indicator set at the landscape level , 2012 .

[6]  Mark Hill,et al.  Local frequency as a key to interpreting species occurrence data when recording effort is not known , 2012 .

[7]  L. Feyen,et al.  Fluvial flood risk in Europe in present and future climates , 2012, Climatic Change.

[8]  Ignasi Bartomeus,et al.  Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[9]  Adrian Leip,et al.  Farm, land, and soil nitrogen budgets for agriculture in Europe calculated with CAPRI. , 2011, Environmental pollution.

[10]  Denis Ruelland,et al.  Assessing impacts of alternative land use and agricultural practices on nitrate pollution at the catchment scale , 2011 .

[11]  T. Hyvönen,et al.  Differential responses of bumblebees and diurnal Lepidoptera to vegetation succession in long‐term set‐aside , 2011 .

[12]  C. Pickering,et al.  A review of the impacts of nature based recreation on birds. , 2011, Journal of environmental management.

[13]  R. Isaacs,et al.  Stability of pollination services decreases with isolation from natural areas despite honey bee visits. , 2011, Ecology letters.

[14]  John A Harrison,et al.  Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle: a new perspective for US decision making. , 2011, Ecology letters.

[15]  Kelvin Balcombe,et al.  Pollination services in the UK: how important are honeybees? , 2011 .

[16]  Claire Kremen,et al.  Contribution of Pollinator-Mediated Crops to Nutrients in the Human Food Supply , 2011, PloS one.

[17]  Péter Batáry,et al.  Set-aside promotes insect and plant diversity in a Central European country , 2011 .

[18]  B. Cardinale.  Biodiversity improves water quality through niche partitioning , 2011, Nature.

[19]  A. Butturini,et al.  Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems , 2011 .

[20]  P. Strobl,et al.  Assessment of status and trends of olive farming intensity in EU-Mediterranean countries using remote sensing time series and land cover data , 2011 .

[21]  Ralf Seppelt,et al.  Analysis of historic changes in regional ecosystem service provisioning using land use data , 2011 .

[22]  B. Lin.  Resilience in Agriculture through Crop Diversification: Adaptive Management for Environmental Change , 2011 .

[23]  J. Osborne,et al.  Impacts of the use of Nonnative Commercial Bumble Bees for Pollinator Supplementation in Raspberry , 2011, Journal of economic entomology.

[24]  M. Schelhaas,et al.  A spatial assessment of ecosystem services in Europe: Methods, case studies and policy analysis - phase 1 , 2011 .

[25]  L. Bersier,et al.  Sown wildflower strips for insect conservation: a review , 2011 .

[26]  W. Zipperer,et al.  Coupling biogeochemical cycles in urban environments: ecosystem services, green solutions, and misconceptions , 2011 .

[27]  J. Biesmeijer,et al.  Developing European conservation and mitigation tools for pollination services: approaches of the STEP (Status and Trends of European Pollinators) project , 2011 .

[28]  J. P. Grime,et al.  Semi-natural grasslands , 2011 .

[29]  L. Nocker,et al.  Green infrastructure implementation and efficiency : final report , 2011 .

[30]  Josette Garnier,et al.  Nitrogen flows from European regional watersheds to coastal marine waters , 2011 .

[31]  S. Mortimer.  Options for enhancing the biodiversity value of intensive livestock farms: experience from the English agri-environment schemes , 2011 .

[32]  Paracchini Maria-Luisa,et al.  Riparian zones: where green and blue networks meet. Pan-European zonation modelling based on remote sensing and GIS , 2011 .

[33]  Josette Garnier,et al.  Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality , 2011 .

[34]  Hiederer Roland,et al.  Implementation of the CAP Policy Options with the Land Use Modelling Platform - A first indicator-based analysis , 2011 .

[35]  D. Letourneau,et al.  Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review. , 2011, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[36]  J. C. van den Bergh,et al.  Values of natural and human‐made wetlands: A meta‐analysis , 2010 .

[37]  D. Boorman,et al.  Which offers more scope to suppress river phytoplankton blooms: reducing nutrient pollution or riparian shading? , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[38]  M. Kwan.  Space-time and integral measures of individual accessibility: a comparative analysis using a point-based framework , 2010 .

[39]  R. D. Groot,et al.  Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making , 2010 .

[40]  E. Turtola,et al.  VIHMA—A tool for allocation of measures to control erosion and nutrient loading from Finnish agricultural catchments , 2010 .

[41]  L. Alakukku,et al.  Greenhouse gas fluxes in varying soils types under conventional and no-tillage practices. , 2010 .

[42]  Tarja Söderman,et al.  Using the ecosystem services approach for better planning and conservation of urban green spaces: a Finland case study , 2010, Biodiversity and Conservation.

[43]  M. Hagen,et al.  Agricultural surroundings support flower–visitor networks in an Afrotropical rain forest , 2010 .

[44]  R. Kramer,et al.  Valuing Drinking Water Provision as an Ecosystem Service in the Neuse River Basin , 2010 .

[45]  J. Biesmeijer,et al.  Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. , 2010, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[46]  A. Wagtendonk,et al.  Scaling Up Ecosystem Services Values: Methodology, Applicability and a Case Study , 2010 .

[47]  T. Hertel,et al.  How Green are Agricultural Set Asides? An Analysis at the Global and Regional Levels , 2010 .

[48]  Johan Ekroos,et al.  Homogenization of lepidopteran communities in intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes , 2010 .

[49]  R. Haines-Young,et al.  Ecosystem Ecology: The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being , 2010 .

[50]  J. Soussana,et al.  Mitigating the greenhouse gas balance of ruminant production systems through carbon sequestration in grasslands. , 2010, Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience.

[51]  H. Jarvie,et al.  Streamwater phosphorus and nitrogen across a gradient in rural–agricultural land use intensity , 2010 .

[52]  Stephanie Pincetl,et al.  Implementing Municipal Tree Planting: Los Angeles Million-Tree Initiative , 2009, Environmental management.

[53]  S. John,et al.  Making Space for Nature: A review of England's Wildlife Sites and Ecological Network , 2010 .

[54]  M. Kettunen,et al.  Assessment to Support Continued Development of the EU Strategy to Combat Invasive Alien Species , 2010 .

[55]  Robert W Howarth,et al.  Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife. , 2010, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[56]  Gayathri Gopalakrishnan,et al.  Biofuels, land, and water: a systems approach to sustainability. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[57]  Karen E. Joyce,et al.  A method for automatic generation of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum in New Zealand , 2009 .

[58]  D. Bailey,et al.  Isolation from forest reduces pollination, seed predation and insect scavenging in Swiss farmland , 2009, Landscape Ecology.

[59]  Marcelo A. Aizen,et al.  The Global Stock of Domesticated Honey Bees Is Growing Slower Than Agricultural Demand for Pollination , 2009, Current Biology.

[60]  Claire Kremen,et al.  Modelling pollination services across agricultural landscapes. , 2009, Annals of botany.

[61]  Michael Rode,et al.  Impact of selected agricultural management options on the reduction of nitrogen loads in three representative meso scale catchments in Central Germany. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[62]  Shibu Jose,et al.  Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: an overview , 2009, Agroforestry Systems.

[63]  Susanne Mikki,et al.  Google Scholar compared to Web of Science. A Literature Review , 2009 .

[64]  S. Anthony,et al.  Description of nine nutrient loss models: capabilities and suitability based on their characteristics. , 2009, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[65]  V. Wolters,et al.  Pollinator dispersal in an agricultural matrix: opposing responses of wild bees and hoverflies to landscape structure and distance from main habitat , 2009, Landscape Ecology.

[66]  T. Tscharntke,et al.  Mass flowering oilseed rape improves early colony growth but not sexual reproduction of bumblebees , 2009 .

[67]  Ørjan Totland,et al.  How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions? , 2009, Ecology letters.

[68]  J. Settele,et al.  Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline , 2009 .

[69]  Grizzetti Bruna,et al.  Nutrient Discharge from Rivers to Seas for Year 2000 , 2009 .

[70]  Sandeep Kumar.  Agroforestry and grass buffers for improving soil hydraulic properties and reducing runoff and sediment losses from grazed pastures , 2009 .

[71]  Allyson Holbrook.  The green we need: an investigation of the benefits of green life and green spaces for urban dwellers' physical, mental and social health. , 2009 .

[72]  K. Hakala,et al.  Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland , 2008 .

[73]  B. Grizzetti,et al.  Assessing nitrogen pressures on European surface water , 2008 .

[74]  W. Shuster,et al.  Front-loading Urban Stormwater Management for Success – A Perspective Incorporating Current Studies on the Implementation of Retrofit Low-impact Development , 2008 .

[75]  M. Aizen,et al.  Long-Term Global Trends in Crop Yield and Production Reveal No Current Pollination Shortage but Increasing Pollinator Dependency , 2008, Current Biology.

[76]  Teja Tscharntke,et al.  Functional group diversity of bee pollinators increases crop yield , 2008, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[77]  Richard M. Cruse,et al.  Sustainable Biofuels Redux , 2008, Science.

[78]  C. Brandenburg,et al.  Visitors' awareness and assessment of recreational disturbance of wildlife in the Donau-Auen National Park , 2008 .

[79]  Jennifer L. Hopwood.  The contribution of roadside grassland restorations to native bee conservation , 2008 .

[80]  Jan Vymazal,et al.  Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow , 2008 .

[81]  Philippe Apparicio,et al.  Establishing the soundness of administrative spatial units for operationalising the active living potential of residential environments: an exemplar for designing optimal zones , 2008, International journal of health geographics.

[82]  J. Lyytimäki,et al.  Nature as a nuisance? Ecosystem services and disservices to urban lifestyle , 2008 .

[83]  R. Kadlec,et al.  Treatment Wetlands, Second Edition , 2008 .

[84]  H P Possingham,et al.  Assisted Colonization and Rapid Climate Change , 2008, Science.

[85]  S. Anderson,et al.  Variations in soil aggregate stability and enzyme activities in a temperate agroforestry practice , 2008 .

[86]  M. Groom,et al.  Biofuels and Biodiversity: Principles for Creating Better Policies for Biofuel Production , 2008, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[87]  S. Brody,et al.  Vulnerability and Capacity: Explaining Local Commitment to Climate-Change Policy , 2008 .

[88]  Paul R. Martin,et al.  Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[89]  James Regetz,et al.  Landscape effects on crop pollination services: are there general patterns? , 2008, Ecology letters.

[90]  G. Robertson,et al.  Effects of Crop Diversity on Agroecosystem Function: Crop Yield Response , 2008, Ecosystems.

[91]  Reem Hajjar,et al.  The utility of crop genetic diversity in maintaining ecosystem services , 2008 .

[92]  C. Bernini,et al.  EVALUATION OF THE SET ASIDE MEASURE 2000 TO 2006 , 2008 .

[93]  Mikko Kuussaari,et al.  Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 , 2008 .

[94]  Pushpam Kumar.  Delivering environmental services through agri-environment programmes: , 2008 .

[95]  L. Tyrväinen,et al.  Teenage experiences of public green spaces in suburban Helsinki , 2008 .

[96]  Paracchini Maria-Luisa,et al.  Low Input Farming Systems: an Opportunity to Develop Sustainable Agriculture - Proceedings of the JRC Summer University - Ranco, 2-5 July 2007 , 2008 .

[97]  G. Blicher-Mathiesen,et al.  Reestimation and further development in the model N-LES, N-LES 3 to N-LES 4 , 2008 .

[98]  H. Sukopp.  On the Early History of Urban Ecology in Europe , 2008 .

[99]  Michael Rode,et al.  Modelling the impact of river morphology on nitrogen retention—A case study of the Weisse Elster River (Germany) , 2008 .

[100]  Vlad Isakov,et al.  The effects of roadside structures on the transport and dispersion of ultrafine particles from highways , 2007 .

[101]  T. Sievänen,et al.  Access to green areas and the frequency of visits : A case study in Helsinki , 2007 .

[102]  S. Kivinen.  Local and Regional Scale Determinants of Biodiversity Patterns in Boreal Agricultural Landscapes , 2007 .

[103]  R. G. Davies,et al.  Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data : a review , 2007 .

[104]  M. Termansen,et al.  Evaluating approaches to predict recreation values of new forest sites , 2007 .

[105]  Roy A. Sanderson,et al.  Quantifying and comparing bumblebee nest densities in gardens and countryside habitats , 2007 .

[106]  D. Gilvear,et al.  River restoration in the UK: Meeting the dual needs of the European union water framework directive and flood defence? , 2007 .

[107]  M. Aizen,et al.  Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change. , 2007, Ecology letters.

[108]  A. Klein,et al.  Linking deforestation scenarios to pollination services and economic returns in coffee agroforestry systems. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[109]  E. Gregory McPherson,et al.  The potential of urban tree plantings to be cost effective in carbon credit markets , 2007 .

[110]  Tapio Salo,et al.  Analyysi maatalouden ympäristötukijärjestelmästä 2000-2006 , 2007 .

[111]  Bodis Katalin,et al.  A pan-European River and Catchment Database , 2007 .

[112]  A. Klein,et al.  Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops , 2007, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[113]  D. Tilman,et al.  Carbon-Negative Biofuels from Low-Input High-Diversity Grassland Biomass , 2006, Science.

[114]  J A Harrison,et al.  Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: a synthesis. , 2006, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[115]  Henrik G. Smith,et al.  Semi‐natural grasslands as population sources for pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes , 2006 .

[116]  P. Balvanera,et al.  Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. , 2006, Ecology letters.

[117]  David B. Roy,et al.  Declines in forage availability for bumblebees at a national scale , 2006 .

[118]  J. Tyndall,et al.  Mitigating swine odor with strategically designed shelterbelt systems: a review , 2006, Agroforestry Systems.

[119]  A. P. Schaffers,et al.  Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands , 2006, Science.

[120]  A. Lepistö,et al.  Nitrogen in river basins: sources, retention in the surface waters and peatlands, and fluxes to estuaries in Finland. , 2006, The Science of the total environment.

[121]  E. Turtola,et al.  Fluxes of nitrous oxide and methane, and nitrogen leaching from organically and conventionally cultivated sandy soil in western Finland , 2006 .

[122]  Tapio Salo,et al.  Nitrogen balance as an indicator of nitrogen leaching in Finland , 2006 .

[123]  J. Boyd,et al.  What are Ecosystem Services? The Need for Standardized Environmental Accounting Units , 2006 .

[124]  Pekka Jokinen,et al.  Maatalouden ympäristöpolitiikan skaalat ja oppiminen , 2006 .

[125]  J. Clarke,et al.  Pollinators and pollination: a resource book for policy and practice. , 2006 .

[126]  M. B. David,et al.  Replacing bare fallows with cover crops in fertilizer-intensive cropping systems: A meta-analysis of crop yield and N dynamics , 2006 .

[127]  R. Ostfeld,et al.  A call to ecologists: measuring, analyzing, and managing ecosystem services , 2005 .

[128]  J. Zedler,et al.  Wetland resources : Status, trends, ecosystem services, and restorability , 2005 .

[129]  J. Vickery,et al.  Spatial and structural uniformity of lowland agricultural grassland in England: a context for low biodiversity , 2005 .

[130]  D. Booth.  Challenges and prospects for restoring urban streams: a perspective from the Pacific Northwest of North America , 2005, Journal of the North American Benthological Society.

[131]  Carsten Thies,et al.  REVIEWS AND SYNTHESES Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - ecosystem service management , 2005 .

[132]  J. Osborne,et al.  An interspecific comparison of foraging range and nest density of four bumblebee (Bombus) species , 2005, Molecular ecology.

[133]  C. Brönmark,et al.  Conflicting demands on wetland ecosystem services: nutrient retention, biodiversity or both? , 2005 .

[134]  H. E. Andersen,et al.  Development, validation and application of Danish empirical phosphorus models , 2005 .

[135]  Markus Törmä,et al.  Production of CORINE2000 land cover data using calibrated LANDSAT 7 ETM satellite image mosaics and digital maps in Finland , 2004, IGARSS 2004. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[136]  D. Goulson,et al.  Use of genetic markers to quantify bumblebee foraging range and nest density , 2004 .

[137]  Y. Willi,et al.  Enhancement of Farmland Biodiversity within Set‐Aside Land , 2004 .

[138]  J. Lankoski,et al.  Loss of biodiversity and its social cost in an agricultural landscape , 2004 .

[139]  D. Fox,et al.  Limiting sediment deposition on roadways: topographic controls on vulnerable roads and cost analysis of planting grass buffer strips , 2004 .

[140]  R. Frankl,et al.  Foraging Distances of Bombus muscorum, Bombus lapidarius, and Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera, Apidae) , 2000, Journal of Insect Behavior.

[141]  Keith A. Smith,et al.  Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes , 2003 .

[142]  Teja Tscharntke,et al.  Mass flowering crops enhance pollinator densities at a landscape scale , 2003 .

[143]  J. Aakkula,et al.  Loss of Plant Species Richness and Habitat Connectivity in Grasslands Associated with Agricultural Change in Finland , 2003, Ambio.

[144]  Thomas Højrup,et al.  State, Culture and Life-Modes: The Foundations of Life-Mode Analysis , 2003 .

[145]  P. Kortelainen,et al.  Brook Water Quality and Background Leaching from Unmanaged Forested Catchments in Finland , 2003 .

[146]  K. Kersebaum,et al.  Modelling scenarios to assess the effects of different agricultural management and land use options to reduce diffuse nitrogen pollution into the river Elbe , 2003 .

[147]  Dave Goulson,et al.  Bumblebees: Behaviour, Ecology, and Conservation , 2003 .

[148]  Neal M. Williams,et al.  Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[149]  P. Dennis,et al.  Relationships between agricultural management and ecological groups of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on Scottish farmland , 2002 .

[150]  W. Post,et al.  Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation : A global data analysis , 2002 .

[151]  S. Polasky,et al.  Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices , 2002, Nature.

[152]  Peter Poschlod,et al.  Challenges for the conservation of calcareous grasslands in northwestern Europe: integrating the requirements of flora and fauna , 2002 .

[153]  B. Svensson.  Foraging and nesting ecology of bumblebees (Bombus Spp.) in agricultural landscapes in Sweden , 2002 .

[154]  Elizabeth W. Boyer,et al.  Nitrogen retention in rivers: model development and application to watersheds in the northeastern U.S.A. , 2002 .

[155]  S. Anna.  Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture , 2002 .

[156]  Gordon B. Bonan,et al.  Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications , 2002 .

[157]  I. Williams.  Insect pollination and crop production: a European perspective , 2002 .

[158]  J. K. Hill,et al.  Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change , 2001, Nature.

[159]  Miska Luoto,et al.  Determinants of distribution and abundance in the clouded apollo butterfly: a landscape ecological approach , 2001 .

[160]  K. Paustian,et al.  GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT AND CONVERSION INTO GRASSLAND: EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON , 2001 .

[161]  Gerard Govers,et al.  The impacts of land use policy on the soil erosion risk: a case study in central Belgium , 2001 .

[162]  C. Cederberg,et al.  Agricultural land use in life cycle assessment (LCA): case studies of three vegetable oil crops , 2000 .

[163]  O. Byström.  The Replacement Value of Wetlands in Sweden , 2000 .

[164]  John B. Loomis,et al.  Measuring the total economic value of restoring ecosystem services in an impaired river basin: results from a contingent valuation survey , 2000 .

[165]  I. Calabuig.  Solitary Bees and Bumblebees in a Danish Agricultural Landscape , 2000 .

[166]  Iris Möller,et al.  Wave Transformation Over Salt Marshes: A Field and Numerical Modelling Study from North Norfolk, England , 1999 .

[167]  A. Chalmers,et al.  Rotational set-aside; influence of vegetation and management for one-year plant covers on soil mineral nitrogen during and after set-aside at five sites in England , 1999, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[168]  B. Schmid,et al.  ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY: A CLASSIFICATION OF HYPOTHESES AND EXPLORATION OF EMPIRICAL RESULTS , 1999 .

[169]  M. Altieri.  The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems , 1999 .

[170]  UsingSmoothing SplinesbyXihong Liny,et al.  Inference in Generalized Additive Mixed Models , 1999 .

[171]  L. Anselin,et al.  Assessing Spatial Equity: An Evaluation of Measures of Accessibility to Public Playgrounds , 1998 .

[172]  E. J. Wilson,et al.  A semi-distributed ntegrated itrogen model for multiple source assessment in tchments (INCA): Part I — model structure and process equations , 1998 .

[173]  Benoit Real,et al.  The Use of Grassed Buffer Strips to Remove Pesticides, Nitrate and Soluble Phosphorus Compounds from Runoff Water , 1997 .

[174]  D. Tilman,et al.  Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems , 1996, Nature.

[175]  A. Lepistö.  Hydrological processes contributing to nitrogen leaching from forested catchments in Nordic conditions , 1996 .

[176]  Bertel Vehviläinen,et al.  The watershed simulation and forecasting system in the National Board of and the Environment , 1994 .

[177]  Ingrid H. Williams,et al.  The dependence of crop production within the European Union on pollination by honey bees , 1994 .

[178]  S. Corbet,et al.  Temperature and the pollinating activity of social bees , 1993 .

[179]  J. Dwyer,et al.  The Significance of Urban Trees and Forests: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Values , 1991, Arboriculture & Urban Forestry.

[180]  C. Johansen,et al.  Pollinator protection: a bee & pesticide handbook. , 1990 .

[181]  R. Morse,et al.  The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. crops. II , 1989 .

[182]  I. Teräs.  Food plants and flower visits of bumblebees (Bombus, Hymenoptera, Apidae) in southern Finland , 1985 .