The UML 2.0 integrates a dialect of High-Level Message Sequence Charts (HMSCs) for interaction modelling. The most noteworthy addition of UML 2.0 interactions to HMSCs is the introduction of negated specifications which can be used to rule out behaviour from implementations. A trace-based semantics for UML 2.0 interactions is proposed which captures both the standard composition operators for UML 2.0 interactions from HMSCs, and the proprietary negation and assertion operators. The semantics lays the ground for discussing several alternatives for treating negation in interactions. In particular, the semantics decides whether a trace is positive or negative for a given interaction; all other traces are deemed to be inconclusive. Based on these verdicts, notions of implementation and refinement for interactions are defined.
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