Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Musculoskeletal Imaging, with Focus on Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis Die Dual-Energy-Computertomografie in der muskuloskeletalen Radiologie mit Fokus auf Insuffizienzfrakturen des Beckens

Abstract Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) is a constantly evolving technology, which opens up new diagnostic possibilities. It is particularly valuable for musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Due to the lack of recognition and availability of dual energy scanners, routine use is only established in a few centres. The intention of this review is to show the possibilities and fields of applications of the DECT in MSK imaging, as well as to describe technical principles and typical indications. We mainly focus on the use of DECT in the context of fragility fractures of the pelvis. The use of the DECT in pelvic fractures of the elderly could combine the advantages of CT diagnostics – fast and continuous availability, lower costs by dispensing with a supplementary MRI examination – and the high sensitivity of MRI to oedema in fragility fractures. Furthermore, the latest DECT scanners are dose neutral, so that these examinations can also be carried out without increased radiation exposure. Zusammenfassung Mit der Dual-Energy-Computertomografie (DECT) steht seit Kurzem eine sich stetig fortentwickelnde Technik zur Verfügung, die neue diagnostische Möglichkeiten eröffnet. Insbesondere die muskuloskeletale (MSK) Bildgebung kann hiervon profitieren. Aufgrund des z. T. noch fehlenden Bekanntheitsgrads und der bislang nicht flächendeckenden Verfügbarkeit der Dual-Energy-Scanner ist ein routinemäßiger Einsatz der Möglichkeiten nur in wenigen Zentren etabliert. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll die Möglichkeiten und Einsatzgebiete der DECT bei der MSK-Bildgebung aufzeigen sowie technische Grundlagen und typische Indikationen beschreiben. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt legen wir dabei auf den Einsatz der DECT im Rahmen von Insuffizienzfrakturen des Beckens. Durch den Einsatz der DECT bei Beckenfrakturen des älteren Menschen könnten die Vorteile der CT-Diagnostik – gute Darstellung der knöchernen Situation, schnelle und allzeitige Verfügbarkeit, niedrigere Kosten durch die Einsparung einer ergänzenden MRT-Untersuchung – mit der hohen Ödemsensitivität der Kernspintomografie für Insuffizienzfrakturen verbunden werden. Darüber hinaus sind die neuesten DECT-Scanner dosisneutral, sodass diese Untersuchungen auch ohne erhöhte Strahlenexposition für die Patienten durchgeführt werden können.

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