Assessment of pollutants emission and aftertreatment efficiency in a GTDi engine including cooled LP-EGR system under different steady-state operating conditions

Nowadays, EGR systems are being incorporated in the research focused on spark-ignition direct-injection engines as a solution to the problems presented by them; i.e. knock risk and high combustion temperature which produces high NOx emission. Since the major part of the investigations are centered on engine performance or engine simulation aside pollutants emission and aftertreatment evaluation, this paper focuses on these topics: gaseous and particle emission analysis and aftertreatment efficiency evaluation when cooled LP-EGR system is applied to a GTDi engine.

[1]  Richard Murphy,et al.  Turbocharging Concepts for Downsized DI Gasoline Engines , 2004 .

[2]  José M. Desantes,et al.  Methodology for measuring exhaust aerosol size distributions using an engine test under transient operating conditions , 2011 .

[3]  Masayuki Adachi,et al.  A New Concept for Real-Time Measurement of Particulate Matter (Soot and SOF) , 2005 .

[4]  D. Dockery,et al.  Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect , 2006, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[5]  Jose Martin Herreros,et al.  University of Birmingham Impact of Fuel and Injection System on Particle Emissions from a GDI Engine , 2014 .

[6]  Henning Bockhorn,et al.  Growth of Soot Particles in Premixed Flames by Surface Reactions , 1994 .

[7]  Alex C. Alkidas,et al.  Combustion advancements in gasoline engines , 2007 .

[8]  M. D. Checkel,et al.  The influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions of n-heptane/natural gas fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines , 2011 .

[9]  Bruce Campbell,et al.  Analysis of Transient HC, CO, NOx and CO2 Emissions from a GDI Engine using Fast Response Gas Analyzers , 2011 .

[10]  D. Kittelson,et al.  A New Electrical Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer for Engine Exhaust Particle Measurements , 2004 .

[11]  Michele Kaiser,et al.  “Doing More with Less” - The Fuel Economy Benefits of Cooled EGR on a Direct Injected Spark Ignited Boosted Engine , 2010 .

[12]  P. Lutz,et al.  Cooled EGR for a Turbo SI Engine to Reduce Knocking and Fuel Consumption , 2007 .

[13]  Yonggyu Lee,et al.  Emission characteristics of diesel, gas to liquid, and biodiesel-blended fuels in a diesel engine for passenger cars , 2010 .

[14]  M. Maricq,et al.  The Impact of Ethanol Fuel Blends on PM Emissions from a Light-Duty GDI Vehicle , 2012 .

[15]  Heinrich Dismon,et al.  EGR and Air Management for Direct Injection Gasoline Engines , 2002 .

[16]  David E. Smith,et al.  Drive cycle simulation of high efficiency combustions on fuel economy and exhaust properties in light-duty vehicles , 2015 .

[17]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change , 1997 .

[18]  P. Solomon,et al.  Airborne Particulate Matter and Human Health: A Review , 2005 .

[19]  David B. Kittelson,et al.  AN ENGINE EXHAUST PARTICLE SIZERTM SPECTROMETER FOR TRANSIENT EMISSION PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS , 2003 .

[20]  Simona Silvia Merola,et al.  Knock investigation by flame and radical species detection in spark ignition engine for different fuels , 2007 .

[21]  G. Fontana,et al.  Variable valve timing for fuel economy improvement in a small spark-ignition engine , 2009 .

[22]  Imad A. Khalek,et al.  The Role of EGR in PM Emissions from Gasoline Engines , 2010 .

[23]  Cheolwoong Park,et al.  Stratified lean combustion characteristics of a spray-guided combustion system in a gasoline direct injection engine , 2012 .

[24]  M. Natália D. S. Cordeiro,et al.  Unraveling the mechanism of the NO reduction by CO on gold based catalysts , 2012 .

[25]  R. Farrauto,et al.  Automobile exhaust catalysts , 2001 .

[26]  A. La Rocca,et al.  Part-load particulate matter from a GDI engine and the connection with combustion characteristics , 2014 .

[27]  Gequn Shu,et al.  Gasoline engine exhaust gas recirculation – A review , 2012 .

[28]  Michael Becker,et al.  Requirements of External EGR Systems for Dual Cam Phaser Turbo GDI Engines , 2010 .

[29]  G. Fontana,et al.  Experimental analysis of a spark-ignition engine using exhaust gas recycle at WOT operation , 2010 .

[30]  D. Tomazic,et al.  Cooled EGR - A Must or an Option for 2002/04 , 2002 .

[31]  Zuo-hua Huang,et al.  Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR , 2012 .

[32]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on performance, emissions, deposits and durability of a constant speed compression ignition engine , 2011 .

[33]  Arántzazu Gómez,et al.  Diesel Particle Size Distribution Estimation from Digital Image Analysis , 2003 .

[34]  Zhijin Zhang,et al.  Combustion and particle number emissions of a direct injection spark ignition engine operating on ethanol/gasoline and n-butanol/gasoline blends with exhaust gas recirculation , 2014 .

[35]  Ming Jia,et al.  Effects of tumble combined with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) on the combustion and emissions in a spark ignition engine at part loads , 2014 .

[36]  E. Galloni,et al.  Effects of exhaust gas recycle in a downsized gasoline engine , 2013 .

[37]  Sebastian Mosbach,et al.  Towards a Detailed Soot Model for Internal Combustion Engines , 2009 .

[38]  Zhi Wang,et al.  Part-load characteristics of direct injection spark ignition engine using exhaust gas trap , 2010 .

[39]  Veniero Giglio,et al.  A Strategy to Improve the Efficiency of Stoichiometric Spark Ignition Engines , 1996 .

[40]  Zlatina Dimitrova,et al.  Synergies between High EGR Operation and GDI Systems , 2008 .

[41]  Hans-Erik Ångström,et al.  Replacing Fuel Enrichment in a Turbo Charged SI Engine: Lean Burn or Cooled EGR , 1999 .

[42]  Heinz Pitsch,et al.  Hybrid Method of Moments for modeling soot formation and growth , 2009 .

[43]  Amin Velji,et al.  Potential of Reducing the NOX Emissions in a Spray Guided DI Gasoline Engine by Stratified Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) , 2006 .

[44]  Gholamhassan Najafi,et al.  Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network , 2009 .

[45]  Yunshan Ge,et al.  Comparison of PM emissions from a gasoline direct injected (GDI) vehicle and a port fuel injected (PFI) vehicle measured by electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) with two fuels: Gasoline and M15 methanol gasoline , 2013 .

[46]  Jon Andersson,et al.  Particle measurement programme (PMP) light-duty inter-laboratory exercise: comparison of different particle number measurement systems , 2008 .

[47]  José V. Pastor,et al.  Experimental correlations for transient soot measurement in diesel exhaust aerosol with light extinction, electrical mobility and diffusion charger sensor techniques , 2014 .

[48]  B. Pla,et al.  Effects of low pressure exhaust gas recirculation on regulated and unregulated gaseous emissions dur , 2011 .