Two-dimensional EPR imaging with the rapid scan and rotated magnetic field gradient.

A new method for fast 2D Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (EPRI) is presented. To reduce the time of projections acquisition we propose to combine rapid scan of Zeeman magnetic field using high frequency sinusoidal modulation with simultaneously applied magnetic field gradient, whose orientation is changed at low frequency. The correctness of the method is confirmed by studies carried out on a phantom consisting of two LiPc samples. The images from the acquired data are reconstructed using iterative algorithms. The proposed method allows to reduce the image acquisition time up to 10 ms for 2D EPRI, and to detect the sinogram with infinitesimal angular step between projections.

[1]  Richard W Quine,et al.  A Linear Magnetic Field Scan Driver. , 2009, Concepts in magnetic resonance. Part B, Magnetic resonance engineering.

[2]  James B. Mitchell,et al.  300 MHz continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for small animal in vivo imaging , 2000 .

[3]  R. Yagel,et al.  Fast implementations of algebraic methods for three-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam data , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[4]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[5]  G. Rinard,et al.  Rapid frequency scan EPR. , 2011, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[6]  M. Hoch,et al.  Imaging of paramagnetic centres in diamond , 1979 .

[7]  Ohno,et al.  Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging using magnetic-field-gradient spinning , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[8]  Gareth R Eaton,et al.  Comparison of maximum entropy and filtered back-projection methods to reconstruct rapid-scan EPR images. , 2007, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[9]  R. K. Wangsness,et al.  Shapes of Nuclear Induction Signals , 1948 .

[10]  H. Malcolm Hudson,et al.  Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data , 1994, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[11]  W. Chlewicki,et al.  The magnet system for rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy , 2013 .

[12]  H. Fujii,et al.  Development and testing of a CW-EPR apparatus for imaging of short-lifetime nitroxyl radicals in mouse head. , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[13]  R. Quine,et al.  Background removal procedure for rapid scan EPR. , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[14]  R. Lewitt.  Alternatives to voxels for image representation in iterative reconstruction algorithms , 1992, Physics in medicine and biology.

[15]  J. Dadok,et al.  Correlation NNW spectroscopy , 1974 .

[16]  Hiroshi Hirata,et al.  Half-life mapping of nitroxyl radicals with three-dimensional electron paramagnetic resonance imaging at an interval of 3.6 seconds. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  Richard W Quine,et al.  Direct-detected rapid-scan EPR at 250 MHz. , 2004, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[18]  J. Simon,et al.  Preparation and study of a lithium phthalocyanine radical: optical and magnetic properties , 1987 .

[19]  R. Quine,et al.  Electron spin relaxation and heterogeneity of the 1:1 α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA)/benzene complex. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[20]  Yuanmu Deng,et al.  Fast EPR imaging at 300 MHz using spinning magnetic field gradients. , 2004, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[21]  John R Ballard,et al.  Rapid-scan EPR with triangular scans and fourier deconvolution to recover the slow-scan spectrum. , 2005, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[22]  Haruhiko Abe,et al.  Slice‐selective images of free radicals in mice with modulated field gradient electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging , 2008, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[23]  R. Quine,et al.  A resonated coil driver for rapid scan EPR , 2012 .

[24]  G. Rinard,et al.  Deconvolution of sinusoidal rapid EPR scans. , 2011, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[25]  Thomas J Pohida,et al.  A new strategy for fast radiofrequency CW EPR imaging: direct detection with rapid scan and rotating gradients. , 2007, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[26]  S. Eaton,et al.  Regularized optimization (RO) reconstruction for oximetric EPR imaging. , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[27]  W. Karthe,et al.  The measurement of inhomogeneous distributions of paramagnetic centers by means of EPR , 1979 .

[28]  A. Smirnov,et al.  Practical conditions and limitations for high-spatial-resolution multisite EPR oximetry , 2005 .

[29]  W. Chlewicki,et al.  Two-dimensional spectral-spatial EPR imaging with the rapid scan and modulated magnetic field gradient. , 2014, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[30]  Hiroshi Hirata,et al.  Improvement of temporal resolution for three-dimensional continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. , 2008, The Review of scientific instruments.