Synthesis of cadmium, lead and copper alginate nanobeads as immunosensing probes for the detection of AFP, CEA and PSA.

A double-water-in-oil-emulsion procedure was designed to synthesize cadmium, lead and copper alginate nanobeads less than 200n m diameter under mild conditions. The cadmium, lead and copper alginate nanobeads can be activated to immobilize biomacromolecules and can directly produce distinctive electrochemical signals. Using the novel alginate nanobeads labeled with antibodies as electrochemical probes, a sandwich-type immunosensor was constructed using AFP, CEA and PSA as model analytes. This proposed immunosensor shows wide linear range with detection limits of 0.01, 0.0086 and 0.0075 ng mL(-1) for AFP, CEA and PSA, respectively. Analysis of clinical serum samples using this immunosensor was well consistent with the data determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It suggested that the alginate nanobeads electrochemical probes could be generally extended to other multiple analytes detection.

[1]  Maëlle Perfézou,et al.  Cancer detection using nanoparticle-based sensors. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[2]  Zhanfang Ma,et al.  Fabrication of an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for CEA based on conducting long-chain polythiols. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[3]  Shen-ming Chen.  Preparation, characterization, and electrocatalytic oxidation properties of iron, cobalt, nickel, and indium hexacyanoferrate , 2002 .

[4]  Y. Chai,et al.  Hollow platinum decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetic couple with glucose oxidase for pseudobienzyme electrochemical immunosensor , 2014 .

[5]  Ivan Donati,et al.  Effect of Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ on alginate microbeads. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[6]  Huangxian Ju,et al.  Layer-by-layer hydroxymethyl ferrocene modified sensor for one-step flow/stop-flow injection amperometric immunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  E. Petricoin,et al.  Early detection: Proteomic applications for the early detection of cancer , 2003, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[8]  Dong Yang,et al.  Fabrication of Boehmite/Alginate Hybrid Beads for Efficient Enzyme Immobilization , 2013 .

[9]  Xinyu Wang,et al.  Preparation of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@alginate/chitosan nanospheres for Candida rugosa lipase immobilization and utilization of layer-by-layer assembly to enhance the stability of immobilized lipase. , 2012, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[10]  N. Morgan,et al.  Electrochemical immunosensors for detection of cancer protein biomarkers. , 2012, ACS nano.

[11]  Zhanfang Ma,et al.  A novel label-free amperometric immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on redox membrane. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[12]  Da Chen,et al.  Graphene oxide: preparation, functionalization, and electrochemical applications. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[13]  L. Flynn,et al.  Characterization of biologically active insulin-loaded alginate microparticles prepared by spray drying , 2013, Drug development and industrial pharmacy.

[14]  Jing‐Juan Xu,et al.  A branched electrode based electrochemical platform: towards new label-free and reagentless simultaneous detection of two biomarkers. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[15]  R. Neufeld,et al.  Kinetic controlled synthesis of pH-responsive network alginate. , 2008, Biomacromolecules.

[16]  Zhanfang Ma,et al.  Multiplexed electrochemical immunoassay of biomarkers using chitosan nanocomposites. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[17]  Da Chen,et al.  Graphene-based materials in electrochemistry. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[18]  Jianping Li,et al.  Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Detection , 2012 .

[19]  Ying Zhuo,et al.  Bienzyme functionalized three-layer composite magnetic nanoparticles for electrochemical immunosensors. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[20]  Zhanfang Ma,et al.  Au-ionic liquid functionalized reduced graphene oxide immunosensing platform for simultaneous electrochemical detection of multiple analytes. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[21]  Guodong Liu,et al.  Electrochemical coding for multiplexed immunoassays of proteins. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  J. Vaqué,et al.  Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for oral cancer biomarker IL-6 using carbon nanotube forest electrodes and multilabel amplification. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[23]  Yueming Li,et al.  Preparation and electrochemical performance for methanol oxidation of pt/graphene nanocomposites , 2009 .

[24]  A. Nakao,et al.  Preparation of monodisperse chitosan microcapsules with hollow structures using the SPG membrane emulsification technique. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[25]  Zhanfang Ma,et al.  Triple signal amplification using gold nanoparticles, bienzyme and platinum nanoparticles functionalized graphene as enhancers for simultaneous multiple electrochemical immunoassay. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[26]  Juan Tang,et al.  Magneto-controlled graphene immunosensing platform for simultaneous multiplexed electrochemical immunoassay using distinguishable signal tags. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[27]  Ying Zhuo,et al.  Simultaneous electrochemical detection of multiple analytes based on dual signal amplification of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-labeled graphene sheets. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[28]  J. S. Gutkind,et al.  Electrochemical Immunosensors for Interleukin-6. Comparison of Carbon Nanotube Forest and Gold Nanoparticle platforms. , 2009, Electrochemistry communications.

[29]  Qixian Zhang,et al.  Green synthesis of 1–2 nm gold nanoparticles stabilized by amine-terminated ionic liquid and their electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction , 2008 .

[30]  Zhanfang Ma,et al.  Graphene oxide reduced directly by redox probes for multiplexed detection of tumor markers. , 2014, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[31]  J. S. Gutkind,et al.  Nanostructured immunosensor for attomolar detection of cancer biomarker interleukin-8 using massively labeled superparamagnetic particles. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.