Continuous Sample Pretreatment Using a Free-Flow Electrophoresis Device Integrated onto a Silicon Chip

A novel concept for continuous sample pretreatment is presented. A planar silicon structure containing the channel system for free-flow electrophoresis has been fabricated using micromachining techniques. A separation bed (25 μL volume), two arrays of 125 inlet and outlet channels, and two arrays of 2500 channels used to isolate the separation bed from the electrodes were integrated onto a silicon chip. Freeflow electrophoresis allows the separation of a mixture according to charge with the subsequent continuous collection of the sample band of interest. A continuous separation of rhodamine-B isothiocyanate labeled amino acids over a period of 20 min with an applied voltage of 50 V demonstrates the utility of this technique

[1]  Andreas Manz,et al.  Planar glass chips for capillary electrophoresis: repetitive sample injection, quantitation, and separation efficiency , 1993 .

[2]  C. Culbertson,et al.  Flow Counterbalanced Capillary Electrophoresis , 1994 .

[3]  Andreas Manz,et al.  Micromachining of monocrystalline silicon and glass for chemical analysis systems A look into next century's technology or just a fashionable craze? , 1991 .

[4]  Characterization of artifical liposomes with free‐flow electrophoresis , 1990 .

[5]  Andreas Manz,et al.  Towards miniaturized electrophoresis and chemical analysis systems on silicon: an alternative to chemical sensors , 1993 .

[6]  M. Clifton,et al.  Conditions for purification of proteins by free‐flow zone electrophoresis , 1990, Electrophoresis.

[7]  S. Terry.  A gas chromatography system fabricated on a silicon wafer using integrated circuit technology , 1975 .

[8]  A. Ewing,et al.  Continuous electrophoretic separations in narrow channels coupled to small-bore capillaries. , 1993, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  K. Hannig,et al.  Free-flow electrophoresis. III. An analytical version for a rapid, quantitative determination of electrophoretic parameters. , 1977, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

[10]  Kenji Yokoyama,et al.  Integration of enzyme-immobilized column with electrochemical flow cell using micromachining techniques for a glucose detection system , 1993 .

[11]  A. Manz,et al.  A silicon flow cell for optical detection in miniaturized total chemical analysis systems , 1992 .

[12]  A. Manz,et al.  Synchronized Cyclic Capillary Electrophoresis - A Novel Approach to Ion Separations in Solution , 1993 .

[13]  Shuichi Shoji,et al.  Micro flow cell for blood gas analysis realizing very small sample volume , 1992 .

[14]  A. Manz,et al.  Glass chips for high-speed capillary electrophoresis separations with submicrometer plate heights , 1993 .

[15]  D. J. Harrison,et al.  Planar chips technology for miniaturization and integration of separation techniques into monitoring systems. Capillary electrophoresis on a chip , 1992 .

[16]  E. Sandell,et al.  Rhodamine B Equilibria , 1956 .

[17]  Free flow electrophoresis for the purification of proteins: I. Zone electrophoresis and isotachophoresis , 1990, Electrophoresis.

[18]  K. Hannig,et al.  New aspects in preparative and analytical continuous free‐flow cell electrophoresis , 1982 .

[19]  H. Hustedt,et al.  Separation of enzymes from Candida boidinii crude extract by continuous flow zone electrophoresis , 1990, Electrophoresis.

[20]  P. Brown,et al.  Free-flow electrophoresis as a preparative separation technique , 1994 .

[21]  D. J. Harrison,et al.  Micromachining a Miniaturized Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Chemical Analysis System on a Chip , 1993, Science.