Biomass to Liquid Transportation Fuels via Biological and Thermochemical Conversion: Process Synthesis and Global Optimization Strategies

Biological conversion of biomass into gasoline, diesel, and kerosene provides an alternative means to meet liquid transportation fuel demand, going beyond the traditional thermochemical methods involving gasification, Fischer–Tropsch conversion, and methanol synthesis. Process synthesis is an ideal methodology for comparing the developing biological technologies with established thermochemical methods through input–output modeling of biorefinery units and inclusion in a superstructure. The resulting model takes the form of a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem with full heat, power, and water integration. In the novel superstructure, the MixAlco process for biological conversion is modeled, in which biomass is fermented into carboxylic acid salts which are further upgraded into liquid transportation fuels. The model is solved to global optimality based on the minimization of the cost of liquid transportation fuels production using a branch-and-bound global optimization algorithm to provide upper ...

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