A flexible giant magnetoimpedance-based biosensor for the determination of the biomarker C-reactive protein

AbstractWe report on a method for the determination of magnetic bead-labeled C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases and inflammations. It is using a flexible giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based platform. Micro-patterned GMI sensing elements were prepared from a cobalt-based commercial amorphous ribbon (Metglas® 2714A) using micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. A gold film was then deposited on the GMI sensing element to act as a support for the immuno platform. Sandwich assays are performed using antibody-antigen combinations and biotin-streptavidin interactions on the gold film substrate surface via self-assembled layers. The GMI ratios of the sensors with different concentrations of antigen against CRP were investigated. The results show that the presence of CRP antigens on the biosensor improves the GMI effect owing to the induced magnetic dipole of superparamagnetic beads, and that the GMI ratios show distinct changes at high frequency. This bioassay for CRP has a linear detection range between 1 to 10 ng·mL−1. This new method in our perception provides a widely applicable basis for rapid diagnostic testing and will pave the way for future development of electrochemical point-of-care diagnostic devices for cardiac diseases. Graphical Abstract(a) Graphical illustration of CRP test setup. (b) Magnetic field arrangement of the beads under an applied magnetic field. (c) GMI changes in relation to the concentration of the CRP

[1]  Michael Keusgen,et al.  CRP determination based on a novel magnetic biosensor. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[2]  Irving Kushner,et al.  C-reactive Protein* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[3]  George A Mensah,et al.  CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: overview. , 2004, Circulation.

[4]  E. Rimm,et al.  C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Gene Polymorphisms, CRP Levels, and Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Two Nested Case-Control Studies , 2008, PloS one.

[5]  A. Abdelghani,et al.  Surface Plasmon Resonance for C-Reactive Protein Detection in Human Plasma , 2014 .

[6]  S. Rezende,et al.  Surface Magnetoimpedance Measurements in Soft-Ferromagnetic Materials , 1999 .

[7]  Zhen Yang,et al.  A giant magnetoimpedance sensor for sensitive detection of streptavidin-coupled Dynabeads , 2014 .

[8]  K. Fukuda,et al.  C-Reactive Protein Overexpression Exacerbates Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Remodeling Through Enhanced Inflammatory Response , 2011, Hypertension.

[9]  S. Schreiber,et al.  Printing proteins as microarrays for high-throughput function determination. , 2000, Science.

[10]  Ding Li,et al.  Giant magnetoimpedance-based microchannel system for quick and parallel genotyping of human papilloma virus type 16/18 , 2010 .

[11]  Wooyoung Lee,et al.  Operating Field Optimization of Giant Magneto Impedance (GMI) Devices in Micro Scale for Magnetic Bead Detection , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[12]  Zhimin Zhou,et al.  Giant magnetoimpedance effects in patterned Co‐based ribbons with a meander structure , 2009 .

[13]  J. Kastrup,et al.  The influence of statin treatment on the inflammatory biomarkers YKL-40 and HsCRP in patients with stable coronary artery disease , 2011, Inflammation Research.

[14]  Ibtisam E. Tothill,et al.  Detection of the Inflammation Biomarker C-Reactive Protein in Serum Samples: Towards an Optimal Biosensor Formula , 2014, Biosensors.

[15]  Xue-cheng Sun,et al.  Study on the giant magnetoimpedance effect in micro-patterned Co-based amorphous ribbons with single strip structure and tortuous shape , 2015 .

[16]  K. X. Dong,et al.  Theoretical study of N-face InGaN light-emitting diodes with GaN–InGaN–GaN barrier near p-side and n-side , 2014 .

[17]  M. H. Meyer,et al.  SPR-based immunosensor for the CRP detection--a new method to detect a well known protein. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[18]  H. Akinaga,et al.  Direct Observation of a Systematic Change of the Magnetic-Domain Structure With Temperature in 50-nm-MnAs/GaAs(001) , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[19]  Hsin I. Lin,et al.  An integrated microfluidic system for C-reactive protein measurement. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  Ding Li,et al.  A prototype of giant magnetoimpedance-based biosensing system for targeted detection of gastric cancer cells. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[21]  I. Kushner,et al.  Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein an effective screening test for cardiovascular risk? , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[22]  H. Tsai,et al.  Detection of c-reactive protein based on a magnetic immunoassay by using functional magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles in microplates. , 2014, The Analyst.

[23]  Zhen Yang,et al.  An integrated giant magnetoimpedance biosensor for detection of biomarker. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[24]  Luděk Kraus,et al.  GMI modeling and material optimization , 2003 .

[25]  Ning Gan,et al.  A Renewable C Reactive Protein Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Magnetic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Probles Modified Electrode , 2011 .

[26]  Guang Li,et al.  Reusable gold nanoparticle enhanced QCM immunosensor for detecting C-reactive protein , 2013 .

[27]  L. V. Panina,et al.  Magneto‐impedance effect in amorphous wires , 1994 .

[28]  Gwo-Bin Lee,et al.  An integrated microfluidic system for fast, automatic detection of C-reactive protein , 2011 .

[29]  Tao Wang,et al.  Ultrasensitive detection of Dynabeads protein A using the giant magnetoimpedance effect , 2013, Microchimica Acta.

[30]  Galina V. Kurlyandskaya,et al.  Giant-magnetoimpedance-based sensitive element as a model for biosensors , 2003 .

[31]  Paul Lizardi,et al.  Two-color, rolling-circle amplification on antibody microarrays for sensitive, multiplexed serum-protein measurements , 2004, Genome Biology.