How small can thermal machines be? The smallest possible refrigerator.
暂无分享,去创建一个
We investigate the fundamental dimensional limits to thermodynamic machines. In particular, we show that it is possible to construct self-contained refrigerators (i.e., not requiring external sources of work) consisting of only a small number of qubits and/or qutrits. We present three different models, consisting of two qubits, a qubit and a qutrit with nearest-neighbor interactions, and a single qutrit, respectively. We then investigate the fundamental limits to their performance; in particular, we show that it is possible to cool towards absolute zero.
[1] G. G. Stokes. "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.
[2] Ericka Stricklin-Parker,et al. Ann , 2005 .