Nanoparticulate computed tomography contrast agents for blood pool and liver-spleen imaging.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We investigated the properties of a group of iodine-containing, insoluble compounds formulated as nanoparticles for use as potential blood pool and liver-spleen contrast agents. METHODS High-resolution, quantitative computed tomography (CT) was performed prior to and at intervals following the intravenous administration of the contrast agents to rabbits. Time-density characteristics for three organs were evaluated. RESULTS Excellent enhancement of blood (< or = 232 Hounsfield units [HU]), liver (< or = 263 HU), and spleen (< or = 350 HU) was achieved at the administered dose of 3.0 ml/kg. The composition of the agents influenced the biodistribution, as well as the residence time in blood, and time to peak enhancement in liver. CONCLUSION Iodinated nanoparticulate compounds are promising CT contrast agents. Development of agents with desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles may permit application-specific contrast enhancement.

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