Control allocation based fault-tolerant strategy for a bio-ethanol processor system integrated to a PEM fuel cell

Abstract This paper presents a control approach to obtain actuator fault tolerance in a bio-ethanol processor system coupled with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The proposed strategy is based on the development of two cascaded modules. First, a high-level controller consisting on single-input single-output conventional proportional-integral control loops is designed for computing virtual actions which represent the overall control effort. Second, a control allocation module is proposed for the on-line redistribution of the virtual commands onto the available healthy actuators. This scheme is able to compensate from actuator position/rate saturations, to severe abnormal events such as loss of effectiveness and lock-in-place actuator faults. Some attractive features of the proposal are: (i) the control structure design is exclusively based on a steady-state model of the process, (ii) different actuator faults can be efficiently handled without the need of reconfiguring the high-level controller, (iii) the control and optimization tasks are efficiently integrated demanding a reduced computation time, (iv) the on-line controller re-allocation allows to manage not predefined actuator faults, (v) a considerable set of disturbances can be rejected with remarkable performance. Dynamic simulations performed on a rigorous nonlinear model of the process show the benefits of the proposed strategy for both fault-free as well as different fault situations comprising partial and total actuator faults.