Effects of the 8 psia / 32% O 2 Atmosphere on the Human in the Spaceflight Environment

[1]  B. Townes,et al.  The Cost to the Central Nervous System of Climbing to Extremely High Altitude , 1991 .

[2]  Scott M Smith,et al.  Nutritional biochemistry of spaceflight. , 2014, Advances in clinical chemistry.

[3]  M M Mallis,et al.  Circadian rhythms, sleep, and performance in space. , 2005, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[4]  J. Conkin.  Preventing Decompression Sickness Over Three Decades of Extravehicular Activity , 2011 .

[5]  Thomas E. Nesthus,et al.  EFFECTS OF MILD HYPOXIA ON PILOT PERFORMANCES AT GENERAL AVIATION ALTITUDES , 1997 .

[6]  A. Colasanti,et al.  Carbon Dioxide-Induced Emotion and Respiratory Symptoms in Healthy Volunteers , 2008, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[7]  Yojiro Ogawa,et al.  Decreased steady-state cerebral blood flow velocity and altered dynamic cerebral autoregulation during 5-h sustained 15% O2 hypoxia. , 2010, Journal of applied physiology.

[8]  A R Kennedy,et al.  Countermeasures against space radiation induced oxidative stress in mice , 2007, Radiation and environmental biophysics.

[9]  Dale Johnson.  Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine , 2012 .

[10]  Clarence Sams,et al.  Immune system dysregulation during spaceflight: clinical risk for exploration‐class missions , 2009, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[11]  Egill Rostrup,et al.  The relationship between cerebral blood flow and volume in humans , 2005, NeuroImage.

[12]  Jostein Hallén,et al.  Linear decrease in $$\dot V\hbox{O}_{2\max}$$ and performance with increasing altitude in endurance athletes , 2006, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[13]  D. Butterfield,et al.  Oxidative Stress in HPV-Driven Viral Carcinogenesis: Redox Proteomics Analysis of HPV-16 Dysplastic and Neoplastic Tissues , 2012, PloS one.

[14]  H. Genant,et al.  Cortical and Trabecular Bone Mineral Loss From the Spine and Hip in Long‐Duration Spaceflight , 2004, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[15]  Bruce D. Johnson,et al.  Comments on Point : Counterpoint : Hypobaric hypoxia induces / does not induce different responses from normobaric hypoxia , 2012 .

[16]  B. Kriem,et al.  Cognitive performance during a simulated climb of Mount Everest: implications for brain function and central adaptive processes under chronic hypoxic stress , 1998, Pflügers Archiv.

[17]  W. O. Evans,et al.  The interaction of high altitude and psychotropic drug action , 2004, Psychopharmacologia.

[18]  A. Flanagan,et al.  Hypoxia stimulates osteoclast formation from human peripheral blood , 2010, Cell biochemistry and function.

[19]  E. Hall,et al.  Radiobiology for the radiologist , 1973 .

[20]  J. Crowston,et al.  Oxidative stress is an early event in hydrostatic pressure induced retinal ganglion cell damage. , 2007, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[21]  S. Neubauer,et al.  The Effect of High-Altitude on Human Skeletal Muscle Energetics: 31P-MRS Results from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Expedition , 2010, PloS one.

[22]  K. Bloch,et al.  High incidence of optic disc swelling at very high altitudes. , 2008, Archives of ophthalmology.

[23]  P. Wild,et al.  Weight gain in cachectic COPD patients receiving noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. , 2006, Respiratory care.

[24]  M. Reschke,et al.  Neuroscience in space , 2008 .

[25]  M. Alexander,et al.  Principles of Neural Science , 1981 .

[26]  T H Monk,et al.  Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Four Orbiting Astronauts , 1998, Journal of biological rhythms.

[27]  J H Mackintosh,et al.  The effect of altitude on tests of reaction time and alertness. , 1988, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[28]  K. McAnally,et al.  Effect of normobaric hypoxia on auditory sensitivity. , 2000, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[29]  Hearing thresholds under acute hypoxia and relationship to slowing in the auditory modality. , 2000, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[30]  R. Thomas,et al.  Nocturnal hypoxia exposure with simulated altitude for 14 days does not significantly alter working memory or vigilance in humans. , 2007, Sleep.

[31]  J. Luce,et al.  Incidence of acute mountain sickness at intermediate altitude. , 1989, JAMA.

[32]  D. Gozal,et al.  Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits Are Mediated by NADPH Oxidase Activity in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea , 2011, PloS one.

[33]  Ari B. Friedman,et al.  Altitude, life expectancy and mortality from ischaemic heart disease, stroke, COPD and cancers: national population-based analysis of US counties , 2011, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.

[34]  D. Bushinsky.  Acid-base imbalance and the skeleton , 2001, European journal of nutrition.

[35]  David R. Williams,et al.  EMU Shoulder Injury Tiger Team Report , 2003 .

[36]  Giuseppe Lippi,et al.  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. , 2011, Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis.

[37]  Stuart M. C. Lee,et al.  Isokinetic Strength Changes Following Long-Duration Spaceflight on the ISS. , 2015, Aerospace medicine and human performance.

[38]  S. Lewis,et al.  Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T Polymorphism Is Associated With Spinal BMD in 9‐Year‐Old Children , 2009, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[39]  B. Gersh.  Lower Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke at Higher Altitudes in Switzerland , 2010 .

[40]  John T. James.  The Headache of Carbon Dioxide Exposures , 2007 .

[41]  S. Travis,et al.  Weight loss at high altitude: pathophysiology and practical implications , 2006, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[42]  Arve Jørgensen,et al.  Recompression during decompression and effects on bubble formation in the pig. , 2007, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[43]  P. Bärtsch,et al.  Assessment of acute mountain sickness by different score protocols in the Swiss Alps. , 1998, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[44]  R. Hainsworth,et al.  The autonomic nervous system at high altitude , 2007, Clinical Autonomic Research.

[45]  Nasa Exploration,et al.  Recommendations for Exploration Spacecraft Internal Atmospheres: The Final Report of the NASA Exploration Atmospheres Working Group , 2010 .

[46]  G. G. Eigenwillig.  Comment on “Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the German uranium miners cohort study, 1946–1998” by Kreuzer M, Kreisheimer M, Kandel M, Schnelzer M, Tschense A, Grosche B (2006) Radiat Environ Biophys 45:159–166 , 2007, Radiation and environmental biophysics.

[47]  T. Arnett.  Acidosis, hypoxia and bone. , 2010, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[48]  D. Bailey,et al.  Physiological implications of altitude training for endurance performance at sea level: a review. , 1997, British journal of sports medicine.

[49]  P. K. Banerjee,et al.  Ghrelin and leptin levels of sojourners and acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude , 2005, Nutritional neuroscience.

[50]  Alan D. Miller,et al.  Vestibular effects on upper airway musculature , 1996, Brain Research.

[51]  M. Grocott,et al.  Variation in human performance in the hypoxic mountain environment , 2010, Experimental physiology.

[52]  Jeffrey A. Jones,et al.  Risk Assessment of Physiological Effects of Atmospheric Composition and Pressure in Constellation Vehicles , 2008 .

[53]  Markus Amann,et al.  Arterial oxygenation influences central motor output and exercise performance via effects on peripheral locomotor muscle fatigue in humans , 2006, The Journal of physiology.

[54]  Martina Heer,et al.  Vision changes after spaceflight are related to alterations in folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent one-carbon metabolism. , 2012, The Journal of nutrition.

[55]  K. G. Brown,et al.  Altitude, radiation, and mortality from cancer and heart disease. , 1987, Radiation research.

[56]  B. Basnyat,et al.  Complications of Steroid Use on Mt Everest , 2010, Wilderness & environmental medicine.

[57]  Crow Tj,et al.  Effect of mild hypoxia on mental performance assessed by a test of selective attention. , 1969 .

[58]  P. Hackett,et al.  High-altitude cerebral edema evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging: clinical correlation and pathophysiology. , 1998, JAMA.

[59]  H. Hashimoto,et al.  Link between obstructive sleep apnea and increased bone resorption in men , 2008, Osteoporosis International.

[60]  D. Bushinsky,et al.  Mechanism of acid-induced bone resorption , 2004, Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension.

[61]  G. R. Kelman,et al.  Effect of mild hypoxia on mental performance assessed by a test of selective attention. , 1969, Aerospace medicine.

[62]  Scott M Smith,et al.  Benefits for bone from resistance exercise and nutrition in long‐duration spaceflight: Evidence from biochemistry and densitometry , 2012, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[63]  R. Thomas,et al.  A pilot study of sleep, cognition, and respiration under 4 weeks of intermittent nocturnal hypoxia in adult humans. , 2009, Sleep medicine.

[64]  G. Czibik.  Complex role of the HIF system in cardiovascular biology , 2010, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

[65]  H. Coper,et al.  Adaptation capacity of biogenic amines turnover to hypoxia in different brain areas of old rats , 1990, Neurochemistry International.

[66]  H. Hinghofer-Szalkay,et al.  Exercise exacerbates acute mountain sickness at simulated high altitude. , 1999, Journal of applied physiology.

[67]  D. Böning,et al.  Altitude and Hypoxia Training - A Short Review , 1997, International journal of sports medicine.

[68]  C T Bourland,et al.  Nutrition in space: lessons from the past applied to the future. , 1994, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[69]  Adrian Smith,et al.  Hypoxia symptoms reported during helicopter operations below 10,000 ft: a retrospective survey. , 2005, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[70]  E C Poulton,et al.  Complex reaction times at simulated cabin altitudes of 5,000 feet and 8,000 feet. , 1966, Aerospace medicine.

[71]  G. Buela-Casal,et al.  Neuropsychological Functioning Associated with High-Altitude Exposure , 2004, Neuropsychology Review.

[72]  A. Mellor,et al.  Haematological Changes at Altitude , 2011, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps.

[73]  Jukka T. Viitasalo,et al.  Effects of oxygen fraction in inspired air on force production and electromyogram activity during ergometer rowing , 1997, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology.

[74]  G. Millet,et al.  Point: Counterpoint: Hypobaric hypoxia induces/does not induce different responses from normobaric hypoxia , 2012 .

[75]  M. Flueck.  Plasticity of the muscle proteome to exercise at altitude. , 2009, High altitude medicine & biology.

[76]  R. Roach,et al.  Acute mountain sickness: increased severity during simulated altitude compared with normobaric hypoxia. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[77]  U. Dirnagl,et al.  Preconditioning and tolerance against cerebral ischaemia: from experimental strategies to clinical use , 2009, The Lancet Neurology.

[78]  M. Koehle,et al.  Differences in cardio-ventilatory responses to hypobaric and normobaric hypoxia: a review. , 2012, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[79]  M. Thiel,et al.  Adenosine A2(A) receptor modulates the oxidative stress response of primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes after parabolic flight. , 2011, Human immunology.

[80]  B Gardette,et al.  Psychomotor skills learning under chronic hypoxia. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[81]  S. Andersson,et al.  Nitric oxide and hyperoxia in oxidative lung injury , 2000, Acta paediatrica.

[82]  L. Moore,et al.  Gender alters impact of hypobaric hypoxia on adductor pollicis muscle performance. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[83]  C. Ling,et al.  Oxygen radiosensitisation at low dose rate. , 1985, The British journal of radiology.

[84]  J L Kobrick,et al.  Effects of extended hypoxia on night vision. , 1983, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[85]  J. Hart.  Cancer Mortality in Six Lowest Versus Six Highest Elevation Jurisdictions in the U.S. , 2011, Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society.

[86]  J. West.  Human physiology at extreme altitudes on Mount Everest. , 1984, Science.

[87]  A. R. Elliott,et al.  Sleep, performance, circadian rhythms, and light-dark cycles during two space shuttle flights. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[88]  K. Mills,et al.  Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration , 2008 .

[89]  I. Singh,et al.  Acute mountain sickness. , 1969, The New England journal of medicine.

[90]  M. Westerterp-Plantenga.  Effects of extreme environments on food intake in human subjects , 1999, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[92]  Stanton Newman,et al.  The cerebral effects of ascent to high altitudes , 2009, The Lancet Neurology.

[93]  W. Perrin,et al.  Hypoxia and auditory thresholds. , 1976, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[94]  Russell L. Martin,et al.  Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on auditory sensitivity. , 2003, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[95]  K. Campbell.  INTENSIVE OXYGEN THERAPY AS A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA: A CLINICAL APPROACH , 1951, The Medical journal of Australia.

[96]  R. Meehan.  Immune suppression at high altitude. , 1987, Annals of emergency medicine.

[97]  M. Lutter,et al.  Homeostatic and hedonic signals interact in the regulation of food intake. , 2009, The Journal of nutrition.

[98]  W D Fraser,et al.  Decrement in postural control during mild hypobaric hypoxia. , 1987, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[99]  E. Greene,et al.  Effects of prolonged head-down bed rest on physiological responses to moderate hypoxia. , 1993, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[100]  Xiao-hong Cai,et al.  Chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure induces memory impairment in growing rats. , 2010, Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis.

[101]  F. Thullier,et al.  Relationships of Personality Traits with Performance in Reaction Time, Psychomotor Ability, and Mental Efficiency during a 31-Day Simulated Climb of Mount Everest in a Hypobaric Chamber , 2001, Perceptual and motor skills.

[102]  J. T. Richards,et al.  Dynamic visual acuity during walking after long-duration spaceflight. , 2011, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[103]  R. Stewart,et al.  Effects of Radiation Quality and Oxygen on Clustered DNA Lesions and Cell Death , 2011, Radiation research.

[104]  B Shukitt-Hale,et al.  Hypobaric hypoxia impairs spatial memory in an elevation-dependent fashion. , 1994, Behavioral and neural biology.

[105]  Larry A Kramer,et al.  Optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, and hyperopic shifts observed in astronauts after long-duration space flight. , 2011, Ophthalmology.

[106]  B. Pedersen,et al.  Influence of in vivo hypobaric hypoxia on function of lymphocytes, neutrocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[107]  Suber S. Huang,et al.  The eye at altitude. , 2006, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[108]  Brian T. Peters,et al.  RISK OF SENSORY-MOTOR PERFORMANCE FAILURES AFFECTING VEHICLE CONTROL DURING SPACE MISSIONS: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE , 2008 .

[109]  Yojiro Ogawa,et al.  Acute Exposure to Normobaric Mild Hypoxia Alters Dynamic Relationships between Blood Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow at Very Low Frequency , 2007, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[110]  G. Ferretti,et al.  Physiological profile of world-class high-altitude climbers. , 1986, Journal of applied physiology.

[111]  S. Tyagi,et al.  Hyperhomocysteinemia decreases bone blood flow , 2011, Vascular health and risk management.

[112]  B Fowler,et al.  The Threshold for Hypoxia Effects on Perceptual- Motor Performance , 1987, Human factors.

[113]  R. Hainsworth,et al.  Cardiovascular adjustments for life at high altitude , 2007, Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology.

[114]  P. Hackett,et al.  Wilderness Medical Society Consensus Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness , 2010, Wilderness & environmental medicine.

[115]  D. Nowak,et al.  Working in permanent hypoxia for fire protection—impact on health , 2003, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[116]  J. Muhm,et al.  Sleep at simulated 2438 m: effects on oxygenation, sleep quality, and postsleep performance. , 2009, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[117]  D. Pierson,et al.  Reactivation and shedding of cytomegalovirus in astronauts during spaceflight. , 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[118]  V V Polyakov,et al.  The alteration of human sleep and circadian rhythms during spaceflight , 1997, Journal of sleep research.

[119]  D. Murdoch,et al.  The High Altitude Medicine Handbook , 1998 .

[120]  S. Smith,et al.  Nutritional biochemistry of space flight. , 2009, Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space.

[121]  J. Bittel,et al.  Evaluation of the Lake Louise acute mountain sickness scoring system in a hypobaric chamber. , 1995, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[122]  Y. Jammes,et al.  Matched adaptations of electrophysiological, physiological, and histological properties of skeletal muscles in response to chronic hypoxia , 2005, Pflügers Archiv.

[123]  R S Kennedy,et al.  Cognitive performance deficits in a simulated climb of Mount Everest: Operation Everest II. , 1989, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[124]  David L. Strayer,et al.  Cognitive Function at High Altitude , 1993, Human factors.

[125]  Andrew E. Beaudin,et al.  Intermittent Hypoxia Increases Arterial Blood Pressure in Humans Through a Renin-Angiotensin System–Dependent Mechanism , 2010, Hypertension.

[126]  Bruce D. Johnson,et al.  Incidence and Symptoms of High Altitude Illness in South Pole Workers: Antarctic Study of Altitude Physiology (ASAP) , 2011, Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine.

[127]  M. Manyak,et al.  High-Altitude Medicine , 2019, Travel Medicine.

[128]  John V Weil.  Sleep at high altitude. , 2004, High altitude medicine & biology.

[129]  Robert Roach,et al.  Acute mountain sickness: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. , 2010, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[130]  R L Cahoon.  Vigilance performance under hypoxia. , 1970, The Journal of applied psychology.

[131]  G. R. Kelman,et al.  Psychological effects of mild acute hypoxia. , 1973, British journal of anaesthesia.

[132]  Ajitkumar P. Mulavara,et al.  Locomotor function after long-duration space flight: effects and motor learning during recovery , 2010, Experimental Brain Research.

[133]  D. Singh,et al.  Effects of high altitude on inner ear functions , 1976, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology.

[134]  J. T. Webb,et al.  The effect of repeated altitude exposures on the incidence of decompression sickness. , 2002, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[135]  K. Norton,et al.  Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[136]  L. Moore,et al.  Women at altitude: carbohydrate utilization during exercise at 4,300 m. , 2000, Journal of applied physiology.

[137]  H. Morita,et al.  Acute hemodynamic responses in the head during microgravity induced by free drop in anesthetized rats. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[138]  M. Gassmann,et al.  Disturbed eating at high altitude: influence of food preferences, acute mountain sickness and satiation hormones , 2013, European Journal of Nutrition.

[139]  Jack Struster,et al.  Behavioral Issues Associated With Long Duration Space Expeditions: Review and Analysis of Astronaut Journals , 2010 .

[140]  B. Trapp,et al.  Preconditioning paradigms and pathways in the brain. , 2008, Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine.

[141]  Jeffrey Brief.  Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS) , 2015 .

[142]  M. Guilliams,et al.  Sensorimotor reconditioning during and after spaceflight. , 2011, NeuroRehabilitation.

[143]  Louis S Stodieck,et al.  Effects of spaceflight on innate immune function and antioxidant gene expression. , 2009, Journal of applied physiology.

[144]  J. Conkin,et al.  Critique of the equivalent air altitude model. , 2008, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[145]  J. Richalet,et al.  A Study of Mood Changes and Personality during a 31-Day Period of Chronic Hypoxia in a Hypobaric Chamber (Everest-Comex 97) , 2000, Psychological reports.

[146]  H RAHN,et al.  A theoretical study of the composition of the alveolar air at altitude. , 1946, The American journal of physiology.

[147]  G. Lipman,et al.  Ibuprofen prevents altitude illness: a randomized controlled trial for prevention of altitude illness with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories. , 2012, Annals of emergency medicine.

[148]  M. Budoff,et al.  Relation of oxidative biomarkers, vascular dysfunction, and progression of coronary artery calcium. , 2010, The American journal of cardiology.

[149]  L. Moore,et al.  Women at altitude: ventilatory acclimatization at 4,300 m. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[150]  D. Gozal,et al.  Behavioral and Anatomical Correlates of Chronic Episodic Hypoxia during Sleep in the Rat , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[151]  H. Steiger,et al.  Ischaemic preconditioning of the brain, mechanisms and applications , 2006, Acta Neurochirurgica.

[152]  Michael L. Gernhardt,et al.  Use of Variable Pressure Suits, Intermittent Recompression and Nitrox Breathing Mixtures during Lunar Extravehicular Activities , 2009 .

[153]  Samuel Strauss,et al.  Extravehicular Mobility Unit Training Suit Symptom Study Report , 2004 .

[154]  T. Emmett,et al.  Pharmacologic prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness: a systematic shortcut review. , 2012, Annals of emergency medicine.

[155]  Wallace O. Fenn,et al.  A graphical analysis of the respiratory gas exchange The O2-CO2 diagram , 1955 .

[156]  Charles H Mathers,et al.  Musculoskeletal injuries and minor trauma in space: incidence and injury mechanisms in U.S. astronauts. , 2009, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[157]  J. Biaglow,et al.  Effects of Dietary Supplements on Space Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sprague-Dawley Rats , 2004, Radiation research.

[158]  M. Kreuzer,et al.  Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the German uranium miners cohort study, 1946–1998 , 2006, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics.

[159]  G. Semenza,et al.  Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent mechanisms of vascularization and vascular remodelling. , 2010, Cardiovascular research.

[160]  Jacob J Bloomberg,et al.  Changes in walking strategies after spaceflight. , 2003, IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society.

[161]  C. D. De Luca,et al.  Monitoring antioxidant defenses and free radical production in space-flight, aviation and railway engine operators, for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress, immunological impairment, and pre-mature cell aging , 2009, Toxicology and industrial health.

[162]  Hypoxia and auditory thresholds. , 1976 .

[163]  G. Cavaletti,et al.  BRAIN DAMAGE AFTER HIGH-ALTITUDE CLIMBS WITHOUT OXYGEN , 1987, The Lancet.

[164]  J A Neubauer,et al.  Physiological and Genomic Consequences of Intermittent Hypoxia Invited Review: Physiological and pathophysiological responses to intermittent hypoxia , 2001 .

[165]  D Manzey,et al.  Joint NASA-ESA-DARA Study. Part three: effects of chronically elevated CO2 on mental performance during 26 days of confinement. , 1998, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[166]  John G. Ramiccio,et al.  Hypoxic Hypoxia at Moderate Altitudes: State of the Science , 2011 .

[167]  A. Lurie.  Inflammation, oxidative stress, and procoagulant and thrombotic activity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea. , 2011, Advances in cardiology.

[168]  Cj Lambertsen,et al.  Development and evaluation of a decompression stress index based on tissue bubble dynamics, Part 3 , 1991 .

[169]  J. Noth,et al.  Effects of sustained low-level elevations of carbon dioxide on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation of the intracerebral arteries in humans. , 1998, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[170]  Bruce D. Johnson,et al.  The effect of 18 h of simulated high altitude on left ventricular function , 2006, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[171]  Leslie A. Smith,et al.  Strenuous physical exercise inhibits granulocyte activation induced by high altitude. , 2005, Journal of applied physiology.

[172]  H. Hoppeler,et al.  Training in hypoxia and its effects on skeletal muscle tissue , 2008, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[173]  C. Owen,et al.  Optic nerve sheath diameter, intracranial pressure and acute mountain sickness on Mount Everest: a longitudinal cohort study , 2006, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[174]  J. Price,et al.  Hypoxia Induces Giant Osteoclast Formation and Extensive Bone Resorption in the Cat , 2006, Calcified Tissue International.

[175]  K. Schaefer,et al.  Effect of intermittent exposure to 3% CO2 on respiration, acid-base balance, and calcium-phosphorus metabolism. , 1979, Undersea biomedical research.

[176]  J. Francis,et al.  Cardiac response to hypobaric hypoxia: persistent changes in cardiac mass, function, and energy metabolism after a trek to Mt. Everest Base Camp , 2011, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.